Table 3.

Models Predicting the Association Between Having at Least 1 Food Outlet Within a Half-Mile of School Location (N = 1,694) and the Prevalence of Student Overweight in Los Angeles County Schools^a, 2008-2009 School Year

Characteristic	Model 1: Corner or Liquor Stores		Model 2: Fast Food Restaurants
	β (SE)	P value	β (SE)	P value
Fixed Effects
Corner or liquor store within half-mile	1.63 (0.61)	.007	—	—
Fast food restaurant within half-mile	—	—	0.35 (0.52)	.48
Racial/ethnic majority of school
Latino	1 [Reference]	—	1 [Reference]	—
No majority	1.28 (1.05)	.22	1.02 (1.05)	.33
White	0.81 (1.60)	.61	−0.84 (1.57)	.58
Black	−3.93 (2.37)	.10	−5.33 (2.22)	.02
Asian	−0.74 (1.95)	.70	−0.73 (1.97)	.71
School type
Elementary	1 [Reference]	—	1 [Reference]	—
High	−0.63 (0.58)	.28	−0.62 (0.58)	.28
Middle	−0.78 (0.53)	.14	−0.76 (0.53)	.15
Other	3.17 (1.32)	.02	3.18 (1.32)	.02
Rural/suburban school location	−1.02 (0.49)	.04	−0.91 (0.48)	.06
Racial/ethnic composition of school
% Latino	0.17 (0.03)	<.001	0.16 (0.03)	<.001
% White	−0.04 (0.03)	.19	−0.05 (0.03)	.15
% Black	0.19 (0.03)	<.001	0.18 (0.03)	<.001
School eligible for federal Title 1 program	1.50 (0.63)	.02	1.35 (0.62)	.03
Students eligible for free lunch	0.03 (0.02)	.10	0.03 (0.02)	.04
Annual family income,b per census tract	−0.02 (0.01)	.06	−0.02 (0.01)	.03
Interaction
Food outlet*no majority	−3.05 (1.08)	.005	−2.64 (1.06)	.01
Food outlet*white	−2.97 (1.29)	.02	0.06 (1.27)	.97
Food outlet*black	0.50 (2.35)	.83	3.04 (2.24)	.16
Food outlet*Asian	−1.72 (1.88)	.36	−2.26 (1.86)	.22
Random Effects
Corner store slope variance	0.24 (0.84)	—	—	—
Fast food restaurant slope variance	—	—	0.37 (0.82)	—
Health district variance	1.57 (0.84)	—	1.20 (0.75)	—
School variance	57.45 (2.02)	—	57.60 (2.02)	—

Abbreviation: SE, standard error.

^a Schools are nested within Los Angeles County health districts.

^b Annual family income median family income at the census tract level expressed in thousands of dollars.