Figure 2. Altered filaria-specific cytokine production in different study groups.

PBMC from uninfected endemic normals (EN), microfilaremic (MF) and chronic pathology (CP) subjects were stimulated with BmA. After 4 days of culture supernatants were harvested and assessed for IFN-γ (A), IL-13 (B), IL-17 (C) and IL-10 (D) production. Plotted values are age- and sex-adjusted means and standard errors; *p≤.05 **p≤.01 ***p≤.001, p-values between 0.05 and 0.10 are indicated.