Table 2.

Age-adjusted odds ratios for the relation between non-smoking and agreement with proscriptive beliefs (faith-based, other) about tobacco in a national sample of 13,988 adults from Cambodia

	Men (odds ratio [95% CI])a	Women (odds ratio [95% CI])a
Odds ratios for agreement with the following proscriptive beliefs on tobacco: “monks should not use tobacco ”
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.8 [1.3, 2.3]	2.9 [1.9, 4.5]
Monks use of tobacco will affect community use of tobacco
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.2 [1.0, 1.5]	1.6 [1.1, 2.3]
Monks should not buy tobacco
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.8 [1.4, 2.4]	2.2 [1.4, 3.4]
Monks should not accept cigarettes as an offering; it is an addictive (ngienb) offering that gives no benefit to the offerer
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.6 [1.2, 2]	2.1 [1.5, 2.9]
Cigarettes should not be offered to monks
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.8 [1.4, 2.3]	2.9 [2, 4]
Monks are wrong to throw away or not accept cigarettes
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	0.9 [0.8, 1.1]	0.8 [0.6, 1.2]
Smoking should not be allowed in the Wat (temple)
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.9 [1.4, 2.4]	2.0 [1.4, 2.9]
Buddhism prohibits gambling, opium, and alcohol
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.3 [0.8, 2]	2.8 [1.4, 5.6]
Gambling, opium, and alcohol, are ngien
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.6 [1, 2.5]	4.0 [2.4, 6.7]
Alcohol is ngien
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.0 [0.6, 1.5]	4.0 [2.4, 6.7]
Opium is ngien
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.8 [1.1, 2.8]	6.7 [4.2, 11.1]
Tobacco is ngien
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	2.0 [1.4, 2.9]	3.2 [2, 5]
A smoker cannot reach Sel Doub c
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.5 [1.2, 1.7]	1.4 [1, 1.9]
It is a wrong for a cigarette or pipe smoker to produce smoke that harms others
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	1.6 [1.2, 2.3]	2 [1.5, 2.7]
Harming your body with tobacco is wrong
Cigarette smoker	1.0 [referent]	1.0 [referent]
Cigarette non-smoker	2.0 [1.5, 2.6]	2.0 [1.5, 2.7]

^aOdds ratios derived from a logistic regression model with a proscriptive belief (agree, disagree) as the dichotomous outcome, smoking status as the main effect, and age as a confounder

^bColloquial Khmer term for addictive (i.e., “craving”)

^cKhmer-Buddhist term for “highest spiritual state”