Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population
| Women (n = 90) | Men (n = 42) | ||||
| Median | P5, P95 | Median | P5, P95 | P a) | |
| Age (y) | 75.5 | 68.0-86.5 | 76.0 | 70.0-84.7 | 0.321 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.9 | 21.1-34.5 | 26.3 | 22.9-32.3 | 0.456 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 90.0 | 71.6-108.4 | 99.0 | 84.6-113.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.85 | 0.75-0.93 | 0.95 | 0.86-1.06 | < 0.0001 |
| Total body fat (%) | 42.4 | 32.6-50.2 | 28.9 | 21.6-37.9 | < 0.0001 |
| 25(OH)D3 (nmol/L) | 59.4 | 40.5-90.6 | 66.9 | 39.9-88.8 | 0.132 |
| iPTH (pmol/L) | 4.5 | 2.3-7.4 | 4.1 | 1.8-8.3 | 0.315 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140.0 | 110.0-167.8 | 130.0 | 110.0-181.9 | 0.327 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.0 | 60.0-90.0 | 70.0 | 60.0-92.4 | 0.172 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 56.2 | 43.1-71.3 | 63.7 | 46.5-80.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Vitamin D intake (μg/d) | 2.5 | 0.3-10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0-11.3 | 0.149 |
| Calcium intake (g/d) | 1.0 | 0.5-1.7 | 1.0 | 0.6-1.6 | 0.961 |
| Alcohol intake (g/d) | 2.3 | 0.0-16.1 | 5.5 | 0.0-30.0 | 0.013 |
| Sun exposure (min/d) | 120.0 | 40.0-360.0 | 150.0 | 23.8-394.0 | 0.071 |
| Physical activity level | 1.7 | 1.5-1.9 | 1.6 | 1.4-1.9 | 0.319 |
| Current or ex-smokers, n (%) | 21 | 23.3 | 30 | 71.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Vitamin D supplement users, n (%) | 13 | 14.4 | 2 | 4.8 | 0.143 |
| Elevated blood pressure, n (%) b) | 38 | 42.2 | 15 | 35.7 | 0.569 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 55 | 61.1 | 24 | 57.1 | 0.706 |
Abbreviations: P5, 5th percentile; P95, 95th percentile; 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
a) Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and χ2 test for categorical variables.
b) Elevated blood pressure was defined as SBP > 140 mmHg and/or DBP > 90 mmHg.