Table 4.
Associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone with blood pressure in antihypertensive medication users and non-users a)
| Women (n = 90) | BP medication users (n = 55) | BP medication non-users (n = 35) | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | DBP (mmHg) | SBP (mmHg) | DBP (mmHg) | ||
| 25(OH)D3 (nmol/L) | Model 1 | -0.119 | -0.122 | -0.069 | 0.201 |
| Model 2 | -0.085 | -0.146 | 0.077 | 0.133 | |
| Model 3 | -0.103 | -0.164 | 0.197 | 0.158 | |
| iPTH (pmol/L) | Model 1 | -0.062 | -0.088 | 0.202 | -0.004 |
| Model 2 | -0.077 | -0.066 | 0.132 | -0.022 | |
| Model 3 | -0.096 | -0.097 | 0.215 | 0.045 | |
| Men (n = 42) | BP medication users (n = 24) | BP medication non-users (n = 18) | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | DBP (mmHg) | SBP (mmHg) | DBP (mmHg) | ||
| 25(OH)D3 (nmol/L) | Model 1 | -0.163 | -0.015 | -0.674 ** | -0.579 * |
| Model 2 | -0.207 | -0.088 | -0.619 * | -0.529 * | |
| Model 3 | -0.207 | -0.088 | -0.843 ** | -0.785 ** | |
| iPTH (pmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.127 | 0.185 | 0.010 | -0.194 |
| Model 2 | -0.015 | 0.054 | -0.053 | -0.144 | |
| Model 3 | -0.016 | 0.053 | -0.449 | -0.512 * | |
Abbreviations: BP medication, antihypertensive medication; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone.
a) Multiple linear regression analyses with SBP and DBP as dependent variables and 25(OH)D3 and iPTH as independent variables after splitting the cohort into antihypertensive medication users and non-users, respectively. The results are expressed in terms of the standardised coefficient β. Model 1: unadjusted association. Model 2: model 1 additionally adjusted for waist-to-hip ratio and calcium intake (mg/d) in men and age (y) and total body fat (%) in women. Model 3: model 2 plus mutual adjustment for iPTH (pmol/L) and 25(OH)D3 (nmol/L) in both the male and female model, respectively. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.