TABLE 1.
Univariate Percentage Distributions of Correlates and Stratified Rates of Outcomes Among Youth With an ASD
| Correlate | Univariate Distribution (95% CI) | Percentage Rates of Outcomes (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any Vocational or Technical Education | Any 2- or 4-y College | Any Paid Employment | Both Education/ Employment | No Participation | ||
| Overall | — | 9.3 (6.3–13.4) | 34.7 (27.9–42.3) | 55.1 (46.5–63.4) | 26.8 (20.7–34.0) | 34.9 (27.2–43.5) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 86.9 (81.1–91.1) | 9.9 (6.4–14.9) | 32.4 (25.5–40.2) | 54.5 (45.3–63.4) | 24.6 (18.8–31.5) | 35.6 (27.0–45.3) |
| Female | 13.1 (8.9–18.9) | 5.3 (2.2–12.0) | 50.1 (29.2–70.9) | 59.1 (39.6–76.1) | 41.9 (21.2–65.9) | 30.3 (16.9–48.2) |
| Age | ||||||
| 19 | 8.0 (4.8–13.2) | 7.3 (1.8–24.7) | 60.9 (37.3–80.4) | 45.7 (22.9–70.4) | 33.4 (15.2–58.3) | 21.4 (8.5–44.0) |
| 20 | 16.9 (12.8–21.9) | 13.7 (7.3–24.4) | 32.3 (20.8–46.4) | 60.1 (47.6–71.4) | 27.4 (17.1–40.9) | 32.3 (21.5–45.3) |
| 21 | 20.3 (15.8–25.6) | 12.2 (7.2–20.1) | 32.0 (21.7–44.5) | 48.1 (35.1–61.3) | 20.2 (12.3–31.2) | 38.5 (26.9–51.5) |
| 22 | 33.0 (25.8–41.2) | 8.3 (3.7–17.6) | 24.2 (15.6–35.6) | 43.9 (29.3–59.6) | 17.8 (10.7–28.1) | 47.0 (31.9–62.6) |
| 23 | 21.9 (15.6–29.8) | 5.4 (1.5–17.1) | 45.3 (25.7–66.4) | 78.2 (63.4–88.1) | 43.8 (24.5–65.2) | 20.4 (10.9–35.0) |
| Hispanic | ||||||
| No | 90.6 (84.7–94.4) | 9.9 (6.8–14.2) | 36.1 (29.0–43.8) | 57.2 (48.5–65.4) | 28.4 (22.0–35.8) | 32.8 (25.5–41.1) |
| Yes | 9.4 (5.6–15.3) | a | 21.5 (8.5–44.4) | 35.2 (14.7–63.0) | 11.9 (3.7–31.4) | 55.2 (28.9–78.9) |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 73.5 (65.8–80.0) | 9.8 (6.4–14.7) | 37.9 (29.8–46.8) | 61.0 (51.8–69.5) | 30.5 (23.1–39.0) | 28.9 (21.4–37.9) |
| African American | 17.8 (12.1–25.3) | 5.4 (2.5–11.2) | 19.9 (10.4–34.6) | 35.4 (16.7–59.2) | 13.0 (5.6–26.9) | 57.1 (34.5–77.2) |
| Mixed/other | 8.7 (5.4–13.8) | 13.4 (3.8–37.7) | 37.8 (18.0–62.7) | 45.1 (22.2–70.3) | 24.3 (8.0–54.0) | 40.2 (20.3–63.8) |
| Income | ||||||
| ≤$25 000 | 16.5 (11.1–23.6) | 3.7 (1.3–10.2) | 23.4 (10.2–44.3) | 36.6 (18.4–59.1) | 15.0 (5.3–34.7) | 54.6 (33.3–74.5) |
| $25 001–$50 000 | 30.5 (22.4–39.9) | 7.2 (3.4–14.8) | 27.9 (15.1–45.2) | 48.5 (30.9–66.6) | 18.6 (8.6–35.1) | 40.7 (25.2–58.2) |
| $50 001–$75 000 | 34.6 (27.2–42.7) | 9.3 (5.0–16.5) | 40.9 (27.9–55.3) | 61.4 (48.4–73.0) | 32.9 (20.7–47.7) | 29.6 (19.4–42.4) |
| Over $75 000 | 18.4 (13.3–25.0) | 17.8 (9.0–32.3) | 44.2 (29.7–59.6) | 70.4 (56.5–81.4) | 39.5 (26.2–54.6) | 17.8 (8.9–32.2) |
| In high school until age 21 | ||||||
| No | 91.8 (86.5–95.2) | 10.0 (6.8–14.5) | 36.9 (30.0–44–4) | 60.0 (51.6–67.8) | 28.8 (22.5–36.1) | 29.6 (22.9–37.4) |
| Yes | 8.2 (4.8–13.5) | a | a | 6.8 (2.2–17.9) | a | 92.2 (81.9–97.0) |
| Years since high school | ||||||
| <1 | 25.4 (19.2–32.8) | 4.4 (2.0–9.2) | 24.2 (12.3–42.1) | 30.0 (18.8–44.1) | 14.6 (5.8–32.1) | 58.5 (44.4–71.4) |
| 1–2 | 18.3 (13.2–24.8) | 8.3 (2.7–22.8) | 21.7 (11.4–37.1) | 40.1 (25.0–57.3) | 15.1 (6.9–29.6) | 51.9 (34.4–68.9) |
| 2–3 | 20.6 (16.0–26.2) | 11.1 (4.9–23.1) | 32.3 (21.1–45.9) | 61.3 (46.9–74.1) | 23.3 (13.9–36.4) | 28.9 (17.8–43.3) |
| 3–4 | 19.8 (13.2–28.5) | 16.0 (7.1–32.2) | 35.7 (20.2–54.8) | 70.1 (44.0–88.0) | 25.8 (13.9–42.9) | 14.3 (2.5–45.7) |
| 4–7 | 15.9 (10.9–22.4) | 7.6 (2.2–23.2) | 68.6 (49.1–83.1) | 85.9 (74.2–92.8) | 65.9 (46.7–81.0) | 11.1 (5.1–22.7) |
| Overall health | ||||||
| Excellent | 36.2 (28.0–45.3) | 12.8 (7.6–20.8) | 40.3 (28.6–53.1) | 62.5 (50.8–72.9) | 31.5 (21.4–43.6) | 27.5 (17.9–39.5) |
| Very good | 37.3 (28.4–47.1) | 8.5 (4.2–16.1) | 34.4 (21.3–50.2) | 57.7 (43.3–71.0) | 25.8 (14.7–41.3) | 29.5 (18.3–43.7) |
| Good | 20.2 (14.1–27.8) | 7.0 (2.3–19.0) | 25.8 (12.4–45.3) | 41.0 (25.2–58.7) | 20.3 (9.0–38.9) | 53.0 (35.5–69.9) |
| Fair/poor | 6.3 (3.4–11.2) | a | 31.2 (11.0–61.1) | 42.0 (18.8–69.1) | 26.2 (9.2–54.0) | 52.9 (26.5–77.8) |
| Trouble using appendages | ||||||
| Normal use | 74.8 (66.5–81.6) | 8.9 (5.7–13.8) | 37.5 (29.7–46.0) | 58.0 (48.7–66.9) | 30.0 (22.9–38.2) | 32.1 (24.0–41.4) |
| Some trouble | 19.1 (12.8–27.5) | 11.7 (5.2–24.0) | 26.4 (12.5–46.9) | 50.7 (30.3–70.8) | 16.8 (7.7–32.5) | 38.0 (20.5–59.2) |
| Lots of trouble/ no use at all | 6.1 (3.5–10.2) | 6.1 (1.3–22.0) | 26.4 (8.8–56.0) | 33.1 (14.5–58.8) | 20.1 (6.4–47.3) | 60.4 (34.1–82.0) |
| How well youth converses | ||||||
| No trouble | 17.6 (11.8–25.4) | 8.0 (4.0–15.2) | 41.4 (23.6–61.8) | 72.3 (52.3–86.2) | 34.6 (18.5–55.1) | 20.3 (8.6–40.6) |
| Little trouble | 43.4 (36.2–50.9) | 8.5 (4.2–16.5) | 44.9 (33.9–56.3) | 68.4 (58.7–76.7) | 38.5 (27.9–50.3) | 21.7 (14.8–30.5) |
| Lots of trouble | 25.9 (20.0–32.8) | 11.5 (5.6–22.0) | 27.9 (16.1–43.7) | 40.2 (24.0–58.6) | 10.4 (5.7–18.0) | 45.7 (28.5–63.9) |
| Not at all | 13.1 (8.7–19.2) | 9.2 (2.7–26.8) | 5.6 (1.4–19.5) | 17.4 (7.1–36.0) | a | 77.2 (59.4–88.8) |
| Functional skills scale (quartiles) | ||||||
| High ability (28–32) | 24.6 (17.4–33.3) | 17.9 (9.2–31.9) | 59.1 (40.3–75.7) | 82.2 (68.9–90.8) | 52.3 (34.7–69.4) | 6.3 (2.0–16.9) |
| 3 (22–27) | 24.2 (17.6–32.3) | 8.2 (4.6–14.1) | 43.9 (29.1–59.9) | 66.9 (50.8–80.0) | 35.2 (21.7–51.4) | 23.1 (12.0–39.1) |
| 2 (16–21) | 25.7 (18.3–34.6) | 4.7 (1.8–11.3) | 25.7 (13.0–43.9) | 49.6 (33.4–66.0) | 18.3 (8.0–35.5) | 42.4 (27.3–58.8) |
| Lowest ability (8–15) | 25.5 (18.5–33.9) | 6.8 (2.7–16.2) | 11.2 (3.1–30.5) | 23.2 (10.6–42.7) | a | 66.3 (47.4–81.3) |
Source: NLTS2, wave 4. No. of multiply-imputed data sets = 50. Weighted to population levels. Variances adjusted for sampling method. CI indicates confidence interval.
a
Point estimate not reported because of low cell count for this category.