TABLE 3.
Logistic Regression Models of Employment and Education Outcomes Among Youth With an ASD
| Covariate | Any Vocational/Technical Education, Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Any 2- or 4-y College, Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Any Paid Employment, Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Both Education/Employment, Odds Ratio (95% CI) | No Participation, Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Male | — | — | — | — | — |
| Female | 0.6 (0.2–1.9) | 3 (1.0–9.4) | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) | 3.2 (0.9–11.0) | 0.6 (0.2–1.8) |
| Age | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 1 (0.7–1.5) |
| Hispanic | |||||
| No | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yes | 0.2 (0.0–2.0) | 0.5 (0.1–2.0) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | 0.3 (0.1–1.5) | 2.7 (0.7–9.8) |
| Race | |||||
| White | — | — | — | — | — |
| African American | 0.6 (0.2–2.0) | 0.7 (0.2–2.0) | 0.6 (0.2–1.5) | 0.6 (0.2–2.2) | 2.3 (0.8–6.3) |
| Other, mixed | 2.8 (0.7–11.4) | 2.1 (0.5–8.4) | 0.8 (0.2–3.0) | 1.1 (0.2–4.8) | 0.7 (0.2–3.6) |
| Parent or guardian household income, $10 000 increments | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.2* (1.0–1.4) | 1.2* (1.0–1.3) | 0.8** (0.7–0.9) |
| In high school until age 21 | |||||
| No | — | a | — | a | — |
| Yes | 0.2 (0.0–1.8) | a | 0.1** (0.0–0.4) | a | 17.3** (3.1–96.8) |
| Years since high school | |||||
| <1 | 0.3 (0.1–2.0) | 0.2** (0.0–0.5) | 0.2** (0.1–0.5) | 0.1** (0.0–0.4) | 5.7** (1.6–20.3) |
| 1–2 | 0.7 (0.1–4.3) | 0.1*** (0.0–0.4) | 0.3 (0.1–1.1) | 0.1*** (0.0–0.3) | 3.6 (0.8–15.3) |
| 2–3 | 1 (0.2–4.3) | 0.1*** (0.0–0.4) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.1*** (0.0–0.3) | 2.3 (0.7–8.3) |
| 3–4 | 2.1 (0.4–10.1) | 0.3* (0.1–0.9) | 0.7 (0.2–2.7) | 0.2** (0.0–0.6) | 0.4 (0.0–2.5) |
| 4–7 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Overall health | |||||
| Excellent | — | — | — | — | — |
| Very good | 0.5 (0.2–1.6) | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) | 1.1 (0.4–3.1) |
| Good | 0.7 (0.2–2.3) | 1.2 (0.3–5.1) | 0.8 (0.3–2.4) | 1.5 (0.3–7.3) | 1.4 (0.3–5.4) |
| Fair/poor | 0.1 (0.0–1.8) | 1.2 (0.1–9.3) | 0.8 (0.2–2.9) | 1.6 (0.2–12.4) | 1.6 (0.3–8.5) |
| Trouble using appendages | |||||
| Normal use | — | — | — | — | — |
| Some trouble | 2 (0.6–6.9) | 0.5 (0.2–1.6) | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) | 0.4 (0.1–1.2) | 1.2 (0.4–4.0) |
| Lot of trouble/no use at all | 0.9 (0.1–7.1) | 1.8 (0.3–9.9) | 0.9 (0.2–3.5) | 2.7 (0.5–14.1) | 1.5 (0.3–7.1) |
| How well youth converses | |||||
| No trouble | — | — | — | — | — |
| Little trouble | 1.3 (0.4–4.5) | 1.2 (0.4–3.4) | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) | 1.4 (0.5–4.4) | 1.2 (0.4–3.7) |
| Lot of trouble | 4.7* (1.0–21.6) | 1.4 (0.4–4.2) | 0.7 (0.2–2.2) | 1 (0.3–3.8) | 1.1 (0.3–5.1) |
| Not at all | 16.3* (1.9142.3) | 0.3 (0.0–2.7) | 0.5 (0.1–2.4) | b | 1.7 (0.3–9.0) |
| Functional skills scale | 1.1* (1.0–1.2) | 1.1** (1.0–1.3) | 1.1** (1.0–1.2) | 1.2*** (1.1–1.3) | 0.9** (0.8–0.9) |
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.
Source: NLTS2, wave 4. No. of multiply-imputed data sets = 50. Weighted to population levels. Variances adjusted for sampling method. CI indicates confidence interval.
a
This variable was deleted from these models because of 0 counts in the “yes” category.
b
This level of this variable was dropped because low cell count prevented model from converging.