TABLE 1.
Pre- and Postfortification Frequencies and Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates, As Well As Incidence Rate Ratios Comparing the Periods, for Childhood Cancers Diagnosed in Children Aged 0 to 4 Years in SEER 9 Catchment Areas
| Cancer | Prefortificationa | Postfortificationb | Post- vs Prefortification | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | IRc | 95% CI | Count | IRc | 95% CI | IRR | 95% CI | |
| All cancers | 3790 | 205.3 | 198.8–211.9 | 3299 | 207.4 | 200.3–214.8 | 1.01 | 0.96–1.06 |
| I Leukemias; myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic diseases | 1329 | 72.1 | 68.2–76.0 | 1133 | 75.0 | 70.6–79.6 | 1.04 | 0.96–1.13 |
| I(a) Lymphoid leukemias | 1093 | 59.3 | 55.8–62.9 | 888 | 60.4 | 56.5–64.6 | 1.02 | 0.93–1.12 |
| I(b) Acute myeloid leukemias | 177 | 9.6 | 8.2–11.1 | 191 | 11.3 | 9.8–13.1 | 1.18 | 0.96–1.46 |
| III CNS and miscellaneous intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms | 703 | 38.1 | 35.3–41.0 | 594 | 38.6 | 35.5–41.8 | 1.01 | 0.90–1.13 |
| III(a.1) Ependymomas | 108 | 5.8 | 4.8–7.1 | 65 | 4.1 | 3.1–5.2 | 0.70d | 0.51–0.97d |
| III(b) Astrocytomas | 292 | 15.8 | 14.1–17.7 | 266 | 17.5 | 15.4–19.8 | 1.10 | 0.93–1.31 |
| III(c.1) Medulloblastomas | 96 | 5.2 | 4.2–6.4 | 86 | 5.7 | 4.6–7.1 | 1.10 | 0.81–1.49 |
| III(c.2) PNET | 77 | 4.2 | 3.3–5.2 | 37 | 2.3 | 1.6–3.2 | 0.56d | 0.37–0.84d |
| IV(a) Neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma | 554 | 30.0 | 27.5–32.6 | 511 | 29.5 | 27.0–32.2 | 0.98 | 0.87–1.11 |
| V Retinoblastoma | 231 | 12.5 | 10.9–14.2 | 200 | 11.3 | 9.7–13.0 | 0.90 | 0.74–1.10 |
| VI(a.1) Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) | 340 | 18.4 | 16.5–20.5 | 231 | 14.8 | 12.9–16.9 | 0.80d | 0.68–0.95d |
| VII(a) Hepatoblastoma | 84 | 4.5 | 3.6–5.6 | 98 | 5.6 | 4.5–6.8 | 1.23 | 0.91–1.67 |
| IX(a) Rhabdomyosarcomas | 127 | 6.9 | 5.7–8.2 | 99 | 6.5 | 5.2–7.9 | 0.94 | 0.71–1.24 |
| X Germ cell and trophoblastic tumors; neoplasms of gonads | 127 | 6.9 | 5.7–8.2 | 133 | 7.2 | 6.0–8.6 | 1.05 | 0.82–1.36 |
| Population | 18 454 775 | 15 578 427 | ||||||
Includes children diagnosed in the following age/year categories: <1 y in 1986–1995, 1 to <2 y in 1987–1996, 2 to <3 y in 1988–1997, 3 to <4 y in 1989–1998, 4 to <5 y in 1990–1999.
Includes children diagnosed in the following age/year categories: <1 y in 1999–2008, 1 to <2 y in 2000–2008, 2 to <3 y in 2001–2008, 3 to <4 y in 2002–2008, 4 to <5 y in 2003–2008.
IRs are calculated per 1 000 000 person-years and are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population via direct age-standardization.
Pre- and postfortification rates are statistically significantly different (P < .05).