Table 2.

Summary of differences identified in fetal wound healing.

	Fetal wound healing
Inflammation	Reduced immune cells, less activated, lower levels of cytokines, and growth factors due to reduced immune cells [5–9] Decreased expression IL-6 and IL-8 [16, 17] Low levels of COX-2 and PGE2 [25] Appear refractory to exogenous PGE2 [27]
ECM	Higher expression of hyaluronic acid [30, 31] Increased CD44 (hyaluronic acid receptor) [33] Tenascin C earlier deposition [42, 43] Increased expression of some subunits integrins [45] Fibronectin isoforms Reduced decorin [46] Increase fibromodulin [49] Collagen ratio remain unclear but fetal wounds [51, 52] Have reduced cross-linking but increased expression DDR [57] Increased levels of MMPs and urokinase plasminogen activator reduced TIMPs and PAI-1 [58, 59]
Wound closure	Myofibroblasts quick but transitory appearance [67, 68] Close wounds by actin cable [61, 62]
Growth factors	See Table 1
Cell-signalling transcription and gene expression	Difference in phosphorylation in some intracellular signalling pathways [88, 89] Transient increase in AP-1 [93] Hox gene expression differ [98, 99]
Cell behaviour	Increased cleaved caspase 7 Increased cleaved PARP [106]