Table 1.

Cues used in the study to induce or enhance the formation of an endothelial layer.

cues	mechanism of enhancing endothelialization	effect of endothelialization
Fn, collagen or decellularized ECMs	integrin-induced endothelial cell adhesion	slow (for days) and limited endothelialization
CD34 antibody	capturing of EPCs (containing early EPCs)	rapid (for hours) endothelialization but the captured EPCs may differentiate into SMCs
peptide aptamer	capturing of late EPCs	rapid, pure but limited endothelialization due to small amount of late EPCs