Table 3.
Demographic and clinical characteristics by above- and below-median sex-specific GGT levels
| Variables | Females n = 217 |
Males n = 331 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| <15 U/L n = 107 |
≥15 U/L n = 112 |
P-level | 27 U/L n = 164 |
≥27 U/L n = 167 |
P-level | |
| GGT (U/L) | 11 (3) | 20 (8) | – | 19 (9) | 39 (14) | – |
| Age (years) | 55 ± 14 | 64 ± 12 | <0.001 | 61 ± 15 | 59 ± 12 | NS |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128 ± 18 | 138 ± 17 | <0.001 | 132 ± 15 | 135 ± 15 | NS |
| Hypertension | 64% | 87% | <0.001 | 79% | 87% | NS |
| Statins | 40% | 68% | <0.001 | 63% | 71% | NS |
| Antihypertensive Rx | 40% | 63% | <0.01 | 65% | 74% | NS |
| ALT (U/L) | 15 (6) | 18 (7) | <0.001 | 19 (9) | 25 (15) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 81 (42) | 108 (67) | <0.001 | 102 (71) | 126 (74) | <0.01 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 86 (13) | 95 (16) | <0.001 | 94 (17) | 97 (21) | <0.01 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 4.5 | 26.3 ± 4.4 | <0.05 | 26.0 ± 2.9 | 27.5 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Total-CHOL (mg/dL) | 209 ± 38 | 223 ± 37 | <0.01 | 190 ± 39 | 200 ± 35 | <0.05 |
| LDL-CHOL (mg/dL) | 133 ± 38 | 146 ± 35 | <0.01 | 127 ± 37 | 136 ± 35 | <0.05 |
| HDL-CHOL (mg/dL) | 68 ± 15 | 66 ± 15 | NS | 54 ± 15 | 51 ± 13 | NS |
| Active smokers | 12% | 12% | NS | 22% | 25% | NS |
| History of CVD | 16% | 22% | NS | 41% | 39% | NS |
| Diabetes | 7% | 13% | NS | 19% | 25% | NS |
Note: Means ± SD, medians (interquartile range) and percentages.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transferase; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; HDL-CHOL, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-CHOL, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; NS, nonsignificant; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.