Abstract
High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 (HMGs 1 and 2) are abundant chromosomal proteins which are believed to be preferentially associated with regions of active chromatin. Our previous results have shown that HMGs 1 and 2 can significantly stimulate specific transcription in vitro from the adenovirus major late promoter. This stimulation is now shown to be due, at least in part, to the influence of HMGs 1 and 2 on binding of a specific transcription factor (MLTF) upstream of the start site of the gene to a region (-66 to -51) which is required for optimal transcription both in vivo and in vitro. HMGs 1 and 2 cause both an increase in the rate of binding of the transcription factor to the DNA and alterations to the pattern of the DNaseI footprint of the factor on the DNA. Different binding states of the factor are also observed dependent on the presence of MgCl2, the factor being bound but not protecting the binding region from DNaseI in the absence of MgCl2.
Full text
PDF















Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bernués J., Espel E., Querol E. Identification of the core-histone-binding domains of HMG1 and HMG2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 May 5;866(4):242–251. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(86)90049-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Briggs M. R., Kadonaga J. T., Bell S. P., Tjian R. Purification and biochemical characterization of the promoter-specific transcription factor, Sp1. Science. 1986 Oct 3;234(4772):47–52. doi: 10.1126/science.3529394. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown J. W., Anderson J. A. The binding of the chromosomal protein HMG-2a to DNA regions of reduced stabilities. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jan 25;261(3):1349–1354. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carballo M., Puigdomènech P., Palau J. DNA and histone H1 interact with different domains of HMG 1 and 2 proteins. EMBO J. 1983;2(10):1759–1764. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01654.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carballo M., Puigdomènech P., Tancredi T., Palau J. Interaction between domains in chromosomal protein HMG-1. EMBO J. 1984 Jun;3(6):1255–1261. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01960.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carthew R. W., Chodosh L. A., Sharp P. A. An RNA polymerase II transcription factor binds to an upstream element in the adenovirus major late promoter. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(2 Pt 1):439–448. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90174-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cary P. D., Turner C. H., Leung I., Mayes E., Crane-Robinson C. Conformation and domain structure of the non-histone chromosomal proteins HMG 1 and 2. Domain interactions. Eur J Biochem. 1984 Sep 3;143(2):323–330. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08375.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chambers S. A., Rill R. L. Enrichment of transcribed and newly replicated DNA in soluble chromatin released from nuclei by mild micrococcal nuclease digestion. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1984 Jun 16;782(2):202–209. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(84)90025-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chodosh L. A., Carthew R. W., Sharp P. A. A single polypeptide possesses the binding and transcription activities of the adenovirus major late transcription factor. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4723–4733. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4723. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goodwin G. H., Johns E. W. The isolation and purification of the high mobility group (HMG) nonhistone chromosomal proteins. Methods Cell Biol. 1977;16:257–267. doi: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)60104-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hen R., Sassone-Corsi P., Corden J., Gaub M. P., Chambon P. Sequences upstream from the T-A-T-A box are required in vivo and in vitro for efficient transcription from the adenovirus serotype 2 major late promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Dec;79(23):7132–7136. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7132. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ip M. M., Milholland R. J., Shea W. K., Dressler L. G. Binding of the glucocorticoid receptor complex to the nucleosomal core in the P1798 mouse lymphosarcoma. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1985 Jun;41(1):45–59. doi: 10.1016/0303-7207(85)90141-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jackson J. B., Pollock J. M., Jr, Rill R. L. Chromatin fractionation procedure that yields nucleosomes containing near-stoichiometric amounts of high mobility group nonhistone chromosomal proteins. Biochemistry. 1979 Aug 21;18(17):3739–3748. doi: 10.1021/bi00584a015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jove R., Manley J. L. In vitro transcription from the adenovirus 2 major late promoter utilizing templates truncated at promoter-proximal sites. J Biol Chem. 1984 Jul 10;259(13):8513–8521. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levy W B., Wong N. C., Dixon G. H. Selective association of the trout-specific H6 protein with chromatin regions susceptible to DNase I and DNase II: possible location of HMG-T in the spacer region between core nucleosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jul;74(7):2810–2814. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.7.2810. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marekov L. N., Beltchev B. G. Influence of high-mobility-group nonhistone chromosomal proteins 1 and 2 on the digestion of chromatin with micrococcal nuclease. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1982 Dec;219(2):261–267. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(82)90156-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miyamoto N. G., Moncollin V., Egly J. M., Chambon P. Specific interaction between a transcription factor and the upstream element of the adenovirus-2 major late promoter. EMBO J. 1985 Dec 16;4(13A):3563–3570. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04118.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miyamoto N. G., Moncollin V., Wintzerith M., Hen R., Egly J. M., Chambon P. Stimulation of in vitro transcription by the upstream element of the adenovirus-2 major late promoter involves a specific factor. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Dec 11;12(23):8779–8799. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.23.8779. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moncollin V., Miyamoto N. G., Zheng X. M., Egly J. M. Purification of a factor specific for the upstream element of the adenovirus-2 major late promoter. EMBO J. 1986 Oct;5(10):2577–2584. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04537.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reeck G. R., Isackson P. J., Teller D. C. Domain structure in high molecular weight high mobility group nonhistone chromatin proteins. Nature. 1982 Nov 4;300(5887):76–78. doi: 10.1038/300076a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sawadogo M., Roeder R. G. Factors involved in specific transcription by human RNA polymerase II: analysis by a rapid and quantitative in vitro assay. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(13):4394–4398. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.13.4394. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sawadogo M., Roeder R. G. Interaction of a gene-specific transcription factor with the adenovirus major late promoter upstream of the TATA box region. Cell. 1985 Nov;43(1):165–175. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90021-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shi X. P., Lee R., Weinmann R. Protein factor(s) binding independently to two different regions of the adenovirus 2 major late promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 May 12;14(9):3729–3744. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.9.3729. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tremethick D. J., Molloy P. L. High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 stimulate transcription in vitro by RNA polymerases II and III. J Biol Chem. 1986 May 25;261(15):6986–6992. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yu Y. T., Manley J. L. Generation and functional analyses for base-substitution mutants of the adenovirus 2 major late promoter. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Dec 21;12(24):9309–9321. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.24.9309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]