Table 5.
Mean change per year (standard error) in behavioral, demographic, and contextual variables among states in which mean BMI percentile among adolescents increased between survey years, ΔXBMI(↑), and states in which BMI percentile decreased between survey years, ΔXBMI(↓), by gender, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2001–2007
| Girls | Boys | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔXBMI(↑) | ΔXBMI(↓) | ΔXBMI(↑) | ΔXBMI(↓) | |
| Behavioral variablesa | ||||
| TV viewing | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.08 (0.02) | −0.04 (0.02) | −0.12 (0.03) |
| Sports participation (%) | −0.05 (0.56) | 0.04 (0.81) | 0.34 (0.55) | −0.46 (0.63) |
| PE attendance (%) | −0.50 (0.82) | −1.68 (1.25) | −0.69 (1.08) | 0.62 (0.99) |
| Fruit/vegetables (%) | −0.11 (0.33) | 0.09 (0.55) | −0.24 (0.37) | −0.59 (0.35) |
| Milk (%) | −0.54 (0.20) | −0.28 (0.18) | −1.30 (0.35) | −1.48 (0.37) |
| 100% fruit juice | −0.06 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.05 (0.01) | −0.04 (0.02) |
| Demographic variables | ||||
| Age (years) | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.01) | −0.03 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.02) |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | −1.68 (0.32) | −0.67 (0.49) | −1.37 (0.40) | −1.48 (0.42) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.51 (0.23) | −0.23 (0.41) | 0.19 (0.23) | 0.55 (0.28) |
| Hispanic | 0.91 (0.21) | 0.54 (0.48) | 0.92 (0.27) | 0.64 (0.30) |
| Non-Hispanic other | 0.25 (0.19) | 0.37 (0.47) | 0.26 (0.31) | 0.30 (0.22) |
| Contextual variables | ||||
| Poverty (%) | 0.02 (0.09) | −0.18 (0.16) | 0.00 (0.10) | −0.01 (0.14) |
| Income inequalityb | 0.59 (0.13) | 0.46 (0.12) | 0.50 (0.13) | 0.64 (0.14) |
| Violent crime ratec | −10.69 (6.85) | −1.74 (5.15) | −8.14 (5.11) | −8.27 (10.78) |
| Cigarette tax (cents) | 7.90 (1.88) | 15.04 (4.56) | 8.89 (2.25) | 11.5 (3.34) |
a
Changes in TV viewing and 100% fruit juice represent change in mean (hours per school day and servings per day, respectively); others represent change in prevalence on 0–100 scale (sports: ≥1 in past 12 months, PE attendance: ≥1 day per week during school year, fruits/vegetable consumption: ≥5 servings per day; milk consumption: ≥4 glasses per day)
b
Measured by Gini coefficient, on a 0–100 scale
c
Per 100,000