VGF promotes the differentiation of neuronal cells. A–D, BrdU and cell-specific markers colocalize after 6 d of differentiation. Freshly plated hippocampal cells were treated with 3 μm VGF or vehicle control at time of plating. BrdU was added to cultures at 48 h, and cells were fixed 6 d later. The arrows indicate double-labeled cells with a BrdU+ nucleus (green) and nestin (A), GFAP (B), Tau (C), and TuJ1 (red) (D). Scale bar, 50 μm. E, Quantitation of BrdU+ cells expressing cell-specific markers after 6 d of differentiation in vitro. Data represent fraction of BrdU+ cells coexpressing cell-specific markers including the precursor markers nestin and GFAP and the mature neuronal markers Tau and TuJ1 (∼50 BrdU+ cells/dish; n = 3). *p < 0.05, ANOVA.