Table 1.

Different forms of violence occurring in Ethiopian women's lifecycle [19, 22, 24, 25, 31, 34].

Phase	Type of violence
Prebirth	Male preference
Infancy	Preferential treatment for boys (e.g., stopping breastfeeding earlier for girls), female genital mutilation (FGM)
Childhood	Food/nutritional misallocation, FGM, early marriage, sexual abuse, rape
Adolescence	Food/nutritional misallocation, FGM, not sending girls to school, psychological abuse, sexual harassment, domestic violence (IPV), abduction, rape, trafficking
Adulthood	Food/nutritional misallocation, domestic violence (IPV), sexual harassment, rape
Old age	Food/nutritional misallocation, rape