Table 3. Baseline and training-induced changes in the four risk factors for the five cohorts (mean ± SD).

	HERITAGE		DREW			INFLAME	STRRIDE	Maryland	Jyvaskyla
Variable	Whites (n≤473)	Blacks (n≤250)	4 kcal/kg/wk (n≤143)	8 kcal/kg/wk (n≤89)	12 kcal/kg/wk (n≤94)	(n≤70)	(n≤303)	(n≤160)	(n≤105)
Baseline fasting insulin, pmol/L	65.7±40.0	79.7±63.2	74±41.24	75.85±42.34	70.93±41.08	82.30±40.77	−65.3±41.8	83±31	31.6±16.7
Change in fasting insulin, pmol/L	−5.2±24.9†††	−10.8±44.6†††	−2.02±31.06	−7.98±27.59†	−1.95±29.54	−5.58±31.33	−11.6±29.1†††	−11±21†††	−3.2±14.0
Baseline HDL-C, mmol/L	1.04±0.26	1.09±0.32	1.50±0.38	1.49±0.40	1.50±0.35	1.50±0.39	1.17±0.35	1.24±0.41	1.28±0.40
Change in HDL-C, mmol/L	0.04±0.12†††	0.03±0.13†††	−0.01±0.21	−0.01±0.21	−0.04±0.20	−0.05±0.14††	0.04±0.16	0.08±0.21†††	0.01±0.21
Baseline Tg, mmol/L	1.38±0.78	1.04±0.62	1.45±0.67	1.47±0.68	1.44±0.81	1.28±0.56	1.72±0.89	1.67±1.08	1.19±0.71
Change in Tg, mmol/L	−0.02±0.42	−0.03±0.41	−0.08±0.47	−0.02±0.50	0.03±0.56	0.00±0.46	−0.24±0.64††	−0.21±0.74†††	−0.11±0.54†
Baseline SBP, mm Hg	116.2±10.9	122.8±12.0	138.9±13.4	139.9±13.6	138.5±12.7†	131.3±20.4	N/A	133 + 16	131.7±15.6
Change in SBP, mm Hg	0.2±6.2	−1.2±7.8†	1±12.7	−1.6±15.1	−3.1±11.8	−4.3±13.8†	N/A	1 + 13	−3.7±10.9††

^†p≤0.05.

^††p<0.01.

^†††p<0.001 indicates significant change score within a group.

To convert pmol/L of insulin to mU/L, divide by 6.945. To convert mmol/L of HDL-C to mg/dL, divide by 0.02586. To convert mmol/L of triglycerides to mg/dl, divide by 0.01129.