Table 2.
Results of multilevel analyses predicting past-year drinking, β (SE)
| Predictor | Past-year drinking |
|||
| Frequency × Quantity | Heavy drinking | |||
| City levela | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 |
| Enforcement funding | -.11 (.05)* | -.07 (.06) | – | – |
| Total outlet density | .21 (.09)* | .15 (.09) | .08 (.03)* | .05 (.03) |
| Adult alcohol use | .55 (.23)* | .29 (.20) | .32 (.10)** | .21 (.08)* |
| Individual levelb | ||||
| Age | .37 (.02)** | .25 (.03)** | .15 (.01)** | .10 (.02)** |
| Male | .19 (.05)** | .20 (.04)** | .10 (.02)* | .11 (.02)** |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | .33 (.10)** | .28 (.09)** | .12 (.05)* | .10 (.05)* |
| Alaskan/Native American | .04 (.25) | .08 (.21) | .04 (.13) | .05 (.11) |
| Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | -.15 (.18) | -.19 (.14) | .03 (.10) | .01 (.07) |
| Asian | -.25 (.07)** | -.31 (.07)** | -.11 (.04)* | -.16 (.03)** |
| African American | .08 (.20) | .11 (.19) | .07 (.09) | .09 (.09) |
| Perceived alcohol availability | – | .24 (.03)** | – | .09 (.01)** |
| Perceived enforcement | – | -.22 (.08)** | – | -.11 (.03)** |
| Perceived acceptability of alcohol use | – | 1.0 (.07)** | – | .51 (.08)** |
| Observation level | ||||
| Survey year | .40 (.04)** | .40 (.04)** | .15 (.01)** | .15 (.01)** |
a
City-level variables not associated with past-year alcohol use or heavy drinking in the initial regression models (i.e., Model 1) were dropped from analyses;
b
White was the referent category for race/ethnicity.
*
p <.05;
**
p <.01.