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. 1988 Apr 11;16(7):2805–2824. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.7.2805

The regulatory region of the human plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) gene.

A Riccio 1, L R Lund 1, R Sartorio 1, A Lania 1, P A Andreasen 1, K Danø 1, F Blasi 1
PMCID: PMC336434  PMID: 3130610

Abstract

The human gene for plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) has been isolated and its promoter region characterized. PAI-1 regulation by glucocorticoids, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and the phorbol ester PMA is shown to be exerted at the promoter level. A fragment spanning 805 nucleotides of the 5' flanking and 72 of the 5' untranslated region contain information enough to promote transcription and to respond to glucocorticoids when fused to a reporter gene and transfected into human fibrosarcoma cells. A moderately repetitive DNA sequence, containing a TATA box, a GRE consensus, a Z-DNA forming sequence and two imperfect direct repeats at the extremities, is present a few nucleotides 5' of the human PAI-1 gene transcription start site, raising the possibility that this gene could have been activated by DNA insertion during evolution.

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Selected References

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