TABLE 1.

Effects of tapentadol and its dual component in two pain models

Effect values are presented as percentage of MPE (with 95% confidence limits) at 30 min after intravenous tapentadol administration. In each pain model the tapentadol effect is expected to equal that of the indicated component if the interaction is simply additive. These significantly greater effects indicate synergism. Data are from Schröder et al., 2010.

Intravenous Tapentadol Dose	Low-Intensity Tail Flick		SNL
	Tapentadol Effect	MOR Component Effect (Yohimbine Block)	Tapentadol Effect	NRI Component Effect (Naloxone Block)
mg/kg	% of MPE
1.0			21.8 (4.6–29.0)	0
2.15	27.4 (17.5–37.3)	5.47 (0–14.5)	54.3 (44.4–64.2)	6.6 (0–15.8)
4.64	71.7 (55.9–87.5)	7.5 (22.8–52.2)