Table 2.

Clinical trials comparing prophylactic renal replacement therapy and control group for radiocontrast-induced nephropathy after coronary angiography procedure (baseline chronic kidney disease stage 3)

Ref.	Time from contrast exposure to the start of RRT (modes of RRT and duration)	No. of patients (RRT:control)	Incidence of RCIN results (RR, 95% CI)	Permanent dialysis rate of RCIN	In-hospital mortality of RCIN
Lehnert et al[70] (1998) diagnostic procedures	63 ± 6 min (HD 3 h)	30 (15:15)	8/15 vs 6/15 (RR = 1.33, 0.61-2.91)	NA	NA
Sterner et al[72] (2000) diagnostic procedures	< 3 h (HD 3 h)	32 (15:17)	6/15 vs 4/17 (RR = 1.70, 0.59-4.90)	NA	NA
Berger et al[71] (2001) diagnostic procedures	106 ± 25 min (HD 2–3 h)	15 (7:8)	3/7 vs 1/8 (RR = 3.43, 0.45-25.93)	NA	NA
Vogt et al[73] (2001) diagnostic procedures	2 h (HD 3 h)	113 (55:58)	24/55 vs 20/58 (RR = 1.27, 0.80-2.01)	3/55 vs 2/58 (RR = 1.58, 0.27-9.11)	1/55 vs 1/58 (RR = 1.06, 0.06-17.30)
Frank et al[74] (2003) diagnostic procedures	0 (HD 4 h)	17 (7:10)	NA	2/7 vs 2/10 (RR = 1.43, 0.26-7.86)	NA
Reinecke et al[78] (2007) diagnostic procedures	< 20 min (HD 4 h)	273 (135:139)	22/135 vs 10/138 (RR = 2.28, 1.12-4.64)	2/135 vs 1/137 (RR = 2.03, 0.19-22.12)	3/135 vs 3 137 (RR =1.02, 0.20-5.12)

RRT: Renal replacement therapy; HD: Hemodialysis; CVVH: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration; RCIN: Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; RR: Relative risk; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; NA: Not assessed.