Table 2.
Major bacterial pathogens of economically important fish.
| Causative agent/species | Disease | Main host fish |
|---|---|---|
| Gram-negatives | ||
| Vibrio anguillarum | Vibriosis | Salmonids, turbot, sea bass, striped bass, eel, ayu, cod, and red sea bream |
|
Aliivibrio salmonicida
(formerly Vibrio salmonicida) |
Vibriosis | Atlantic salmon, cod |
| Vibrio vulnificus | Vibriosis | Eels, tilapia |
| Vibrio ordalii | Vibriosis | Salmonids |
|
Vibrio carchariae
(syn.: Vibrio harveyi) |
Vibriosis, infectious gastroenteritis | Shark, abalone, red drum, sea bream, sea bass, cobia, and flounder |
|
Moritella viscosa
(formerly Vibrio viscosus) |
Winter ulcer | Atlantic salmon |
| Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (formerly Pasteurella piscicida) | Photobacteriosis (pasteurellosis) |
Sea bream, sea bass, sole, striped bass, and yellowtail |
| Pasteurella skyensis | Pasteurellosis | Salmonids and turbot |
|
Tenacibaculum maritimum
(formerly Flexibacter maritimus) |
Flexibacteriosis | Turbot, salmonids, sole, sea bass, gilthead sea bream, red sea bream, and flounder |
| Flavobacterium psychrophilum | Coldwater disease | Salmonids, carp, eel, tench, perch, ayu |
| Flavobacterium branchiophila | Bacterial gill disease | A broad range of cultured cold water and warm water salmonid and nonsalmonid fishes |
| Flavobacterium columnare | Columnaris disease | cyprinids, salmonids, silurids, eel, and sturgeon |
| Pseudomonas anguilliseptica | Pseudomonadiasis, winter disease | Sea bream, eel, turbot, and ayu |
| Aeromonas salmonicida | Furunculosis | salmon, trout, goldfish, koi and a variety of other fish species |
|
Aeromonas hydrophila
Aeromonas veronii Biovar Sobria Aeromonas sobria Biovar Sobria (Motile aeromonads) |
Motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS), hemorrhagic septicemia, ulcer disease or red-sore disease, and epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) | A wide variety of salmonid and nonsalmonid fish, sturgeon, tilapia, catfish, striped bass, and eel |
| Edwardsiella ictaluri | Enteric septicemia | Catfish and tilapia |
| Edwardsiella tarda | Edwardsiellosis | Salmon, carps, tilapia, catfish, striped bass, flounder, and yellowtail |
| Yersinia ruckeri | Enteric redmouth | Salmonids, eel, minnows, sturgeon, and crustaceans |
| Piscirickettsia salmonis | Piscirickettsiosis | Salmonids |
|
| ||
| Gram-positives | ||
|
Lactococcus garvieae
(formerly Enterococcus seriolicida) |
Streptococcosis or lactococcosis | Yellowtail and eel |
| Streptococcus iniae | Streptococcosis | Yellowtail, flounder, sea bass, and barramundi |
| Streptococcus parauberis | Streptococcosis | Turbot |
| Streptococcus phocae | Streptococcosis | Atlantic salmon |
| Renibacterium salmoninarum | Bacterial kidney disease | Salmonids |
| Mycobacterium marinum | Mycobacteriosis | Sea bass, turbot, and Atlantic salmon |