Table 3.
Effects of KBG on various parameters in A + B group (n = 49).
| Period | Week 0 | Week 4 | P-valuea | P-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | KBG | 23.5 ± 0.4 | 23.5 ± 0.5 | 0.3976 | 0.3034 |
| Control | 23.5 ± 0.5 | 23.5 ± 0.5 | 0.9700 | ||
| Waist circumference (cm) | KBG | 85.0 ± 1.2 | 85.0 ± 1.2 | 0.9280 | 0.9136 |
| Control | 85.2 ± 1.3 | 85.3 ± 1.3 | 0.9462 | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | KBG | 125.0 ± 2.3 | 121.0 ± 2.1 | 0.0321* | 0.2591 |
| Control | 123.1 ± 1.9 | 122.0 ± 1.9 | 0.3629 | ||
| DBP (mmHg) | KBG | 74.6 ± 1.6 | 73.9 ± 1.4 | 0.1297 | 0.4088 |
| Control | 73.2 ± 1.4 | 74.1 ± 1.2 | 0.5626 | ||
| L_RHI | KBG | 0.58 ± 0.03 | 0.70 ± 0.04 | 0.0003** | 0.0034** |
| Control | 0.64 ± 0.04 | 0.60 ± 0.03 | 0.7279 | ||
| TG (mg/dL) | KBG | 124.3 ± 8.9 | 123.2 ± 7.8 | 0.9453 | 0.5339 |
| Control | 125.6 ± 8.9 | 119.1 ± 6.2 | 0.6347 | ||
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | KBG | 62.0 ± 2.6 | 62.0 ± 2.5 | 0.6699 | 0.3016 |
| Control | 62.6 ± 2.1 | 61.4 ± 2.0 | 0.1810 | ||
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | KBG | 132.7 ± 4.8 | 133.8 ± 5.0 | 0.5803 | 0.1155 |
| Control | 131.4 ± 4.6 | 127.7 ± 5.0 | 0.0435* | ||
| NEFA (μEq/L) | KBG | 532.9 ± 32.9 | 450.9 ± 26.0 | 0.0024** | 0.0113* |
| Control | 507.6 ± 31.9 | 529.6 ± 29.0 | 0.3273 | ||
| FPG (mg/dL) | KBG | 101.0 ± 2.3 | 101.5 ± 2.8 | 0.9159 | 0.2087 |
| Control | 105.5 ± 3.0 | 103.1 ± 3.1 | 0.1297 | ||
| IRI (μU/mL) | KBG | 5.73 ± 0.42 | 5.47 ± 0.39 | 0.2609 | 0.5396 |
| Control | 6.26 ± 0.52 | 6.26 ± 0.52 | 0.9156 | ||
| HOMA-IR | KBG | 1.46 ± 0.12 | 1.42 ± 0.12 | 0.3842 | 0.8010 |
| Control | 1.69 ± 0.17 | 1.68 ± 0.19 | 0.8639 | ||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | KBG | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 0.72 ± 0.03 | 0.8238 | 0.6513 |
| Control | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 1.0000 | ||
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | KBG | 0.13 ± 0.05 | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 0.3721 | 0.7501 |
| Control | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.3173 | ||
| MDA (nmol/mL) | KBG | 11.8 ± 1.1 | 9.5 ± 1.0 | <0.0001** | 0.0424* |
| Control | 12.9 ± 1.9 | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 0.2804 | ||
| sVCAM-1 (ng/mL) | KBG | 723.1 ± 43.4 | 677.7 ± 40.9 | 0.0126* | 0.1659 |
| Control | 724.3 ± 36.0 | 714.0 ± 36.3 | 0.8107 |
KBG: keishibukuryogan; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; L_RHI: natural logarithmic scaled reactive hyperemia; TG: triglyceride; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NEFA: nonesterified fatty acid; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; IRI: immunoreactive insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitive C-reactive protein; MDA: malondialdehyde; sVCAM-1: soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
aComparison between week 0 and week 4 by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test.
bComparison of 4-week changes between KBG-treatment period and control period by MANOVA test.
Data are expressed as mean ± S.E., *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.