Pattern of mesendodermal induction in X laevis and E. coqui. All diagrams are sagittal views, drawn to scale. In X. laevis, vegt RNA (purple), localized to the oocyte vegetal (V) cortex, leads to nodal signaling (green) in the vegetal half of the blastula/gastrula. This signaling in turn leads to endoderm (yellow) and mesoderm (red) in the fate map. In E. coqui, vegt RNA (purple) is near the oocyte animal pole (A) and mesoderm inducing activity (green) is restricted to the peripheral marginal and sub-marginal zones. The absence of vegt activity and nodal signaling is hypothesized to lead to development of nutritional endoderm (ne) (pale orange) in the vegetal core.