Table 1. Definition of basic parameters.

Symbol	Definition and explanation	Dimension
ε	Host-encounter rate: rate at which a single host-seeking mosquito encounters agiven single hosts.	One
εh, εc	Human and cattle encounter rate respectively.	Per Time
ϕh,u	Probability that a mosquito which attacks an unprotected human will successfullyfeed upon that host.	One
ϕh,p	Probability that a mosquito which attacks protected human will successfully feed upon that host.	One
γh,p, γh,u, γc	represent probability of encountering protected, unprotected human and cattle respectively.
Nh, Nh,p, Nh,u	Number of people, protected and unprotected	Human
Nc	Number of cattle	Animal
Ch	Demographic or crude coverage: Proportion of people using a personal protectionmeasure as estimated in a standardized malaria indicator surveys.	One
µh,u	Mortality probability upon attacking an unprotected human.	One
µh,p	Mortality probability upon attacking an protected human	One
µc	Mortality probability upon attacking a cattle	One
πi	The proportion of normal exposure to mosquito bites upon humans lacking LLINs,which occurs indoors at times when nets would normally be in use.	One
π	The maximum proportion of human exposure to mosquitoes that can bedirectly prevented through personal protection by using a given intervention	One
Pov	The survival probabilities during host seeking and ovipisition site-seekingassumed to be equal	1/exp(Time)

The subscripts used are given in bracket; human (h), protected (p), unprotected (u), cattle (c), a baseline condition with no personal protection coverage (0), intervention package scenarios consisting of a specific coverage (Ω).