Fig. 1.

Burkholderia bacteria are found in the soil, where some genotypes are capable of detoxifying OP pesticides. Stinkbugs acquire bacteria from the environment, and Burkholderia preferentially colonize specialized structures (crypts) in the insect midgut. When stinkbugs are experimentally infected with pesticide-degrading bacteria, they have significantly increased resistance to pesticide treatment. It is unclear whether any Burkholderia genotypes have established a routine transmission cycle between bean bugs and the environment, which would enhance coadaptation of pesticide resistance in microbes and host.