Table 3.

Associations (odds ratios) between maltreatment (relative to no maltreatment) and DSM-IV mental disorders (12-month and lifetime)^a

	Major depressive disorder		Any anxiety		Alcohol abuse or dependence		Drug abuse or dependence
Maltreatment group	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjustedb OR (95% CI)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjustedb OR (95% CI)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjustedb OR (95% CI)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjustedb OR (95% CI)
12-month disorders
No reported maltreatment	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Retrospectivelyc ascertained maltreatment	2.27 (1.40–3.67)	2.40 (1.43–4.04)	2.15 (1.47–3.15)	2.05 (1.37–3.09)	1.40 (0.86–2.29)	1.47 (0.88–2.44)	3.66 (1.71–7.96)	4.12 (1.88–9.25)
Prospectivelyd ascertained maltreatment	2.42 (1.28–4.57)	2.46 (1.27–4.76)	2.94 (1.86–4.65)	2.91(1.74–4.86)	1.91 (1.02–3.59)	1.92 (0.97–3.78)	3.69 (1.86–7.19)	3.25 (1.43–7.42)
Lifetime disorders
No reported maltreatment	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Retrospectively ascertained maltreatment	2.50 (1.71–3.65)	2.51 (1.65–3.83)	3.49 (2.44–4.99)	3.10 (2.14–4.49)	3.53 (2.41–5.16)	3.36 (2.17–5.21)	3.84 (2.40–6.12)	3.52 (2.07–5.98)
Prospectively ascertained maltreatment	2.34 (1.44–3.81)	2.37 (1.42–3.94)	2.87 (1.84–4.49)	2.72(1.65–4.49)	3.19 (1.97–5.18)	2.98 (1.80–4.93)	4.38 (2.62–7.33)	3.72 (2.12–6.55)

^aOdds ratios in bold are significant at P ≤ 0.05.

^bAdjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, maternal education, respondent education, current household income.

^cRetrospectively reported childhood maltreatment was indicated by endorsement of one or more of the following items (see Method for full questions): childhood rape (prior to age 17); contact sexual abuse not including rape (prior to age 17); physical abuse (ever being badly beaten up by a caregiver or parent); witnessing parental violence (ever witness to serious physical fights at home such as one parent heating up another parent).

^dThose with child protection agency history, regardless of whether maltreatment also reported retrospectively.