Fig. 2.

VIP inhibits LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NFκB and c-Jun in human THP1 monocytes. a THP1 monocytes stimulated with LPS from E. coli 0111:B4 (100 ng/ml) with or without VIP (10⁻⁸ M) 90 min after culture cells were permeabilised and fixed prior to staining with nuclear dye DAPI (blue) and either anti-human NFκB (green) or anti-human c-Jun (red). Colocalisation of transcription factors and THP1 cell nucleus is observed as turquoise (closed arrows) or pink (open arrows) only in cell exposed to LPS alone. Scale bar 20 μm. Data is representative of results obtained from five replicate experiments