Table 4.
Goodness of fit statistics for models associating individual BMI with various combinations of built environment measures by corrected quasi-likelihood under the independence criterion (QICC)
| BG scale | CT scale | Buffer scale | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |||
| Level 0 | Only 7 controls, without any 3D variables | QICC | 51456.5 | 52088.7 | ||||
| Level 1 | Level 0 + population density and intersection density | |||||||
| QICC | 51354 | 52010.2 | 51221.5 | 51964.7 | 51101.9 | 51983.2 | ||
| Improvement from Level 0 | −102.5 | −78.5 | −235.0 | −124.0 | −354.6 | −105.5 | ||
| Level 2 | Level 1 + area-based diversity measures | |||||||
| Level 2a | Frank's index | QICC | 51293.1 | 52002 | 51149.7 | 51962.6 | 51062.3 | 51930 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −163.4 | −86.7 | −306.8 | −126.1 | −394.2 | −158.7 | ||
| Level 2b | Shannon's index | QICC | 51254.8 | 52013.1 | 51156.1 | 51965 | 51048.9 | 51895.8 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −201.7 | −75.6 | −300.4 | −123.7 | −407.6 | −192.9 | ||
| Level 2c | Simpson's index | QICC | 51266 | 52006.9 | 51140.7 | 51952.7 | 51051.5 | 51879.3 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −190.5 | −81.8 | −315.8 | −136.0 | −405.0 | −209.4 | ||
| Level 2d | Frank's 6 categories | QICC | 51213.2 | 51894.4 | 51129.4 | 51697.6 | 50934.8 | 51608.16 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −243.3 | −194.3 | −327.1 | −391.1 | −521.7 | −480.5 | ||
| Level 3 | Level 1 + destination-based diversity measures | |||||||
| Level 3a | Distance to light rail station | QICC | 51230.8 | 51412.4 | 51101.1 | 51338.6 | 51006.2 | 51377.6 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −225.7 | −676.3 | −355.4 | −750.1 | −450.3 | −711.1 | ||
| Level 3b | Distances to LR & CBD | QICC | 51062.2 | 51184.4 | 50982.3 | 51171.9 | 50882.2 | 51191.1 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −394.3 | −904.3 | −474.2 | −916.8 | −574.3 | −897.6 | ||
| Level 3c | Distance to large grocer | QICC | 51351.8 | 52008.2 | 51210.3 | 51952.9 | 51084.7 | 51977.9 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −104.7 | −80.5 | −246.2 | −135.8 | −371.8 | −110.8 | ||
| Level 3d | Distances to LR, CBD, & large grocer | QICC | 51048.3 | 51172.2 | 50959.4 | 51167.9 | 50856.9 | 51186.6 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −408.2 | −916.5 | −497.1 | −920.8 | −599.6 | −902.1 | ||
| Level 4 | Level 1 + proxy-based diversity measures | |||||||
| Level 4a | Percentage walk to work | QICC | 51296.4 | 51787.6 | 51167.6 | 51524.4 | 50983.1 | 51503.8 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −160.1 | −301.1 | −288.9 | −564.3 | −473.4 | −584.9 | ||
| Level 4b | Median year structure built | QICC | 51020.0 | 51382.4 | 50947.9 | 51381.1 | 50844.3 | 51327.9 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −436.5 | −706.3 | −508.6 | −707.6 | −612.2 | −760.8 | ||
| Level 5 | Combination of Levels 3b and 4b Level 1 + distances to LR & CBD + median year structure built | |||||||
| QICC | 50960.5 | 51007.2 | 50908.4 | 51030.1 | 50819 | 51028.1 | ||
| Improvement from Level 0 | −496.0 | −1081.5 | −548.1 | −1058.6 | −637.5 | −1060.6 | ||
| Improvement from Level 3b | −101.7 | −177.2 | −73.9 | −141.8 | −63.2 | −163 | ||
| Improvement from Level 4b | −59.5 | −375.2 | −39.5 | −351.0 | −25.3 | −299.8 | ||
| Level 6 | Level 5 + six land uses, % walk to work, or both Level 1 + distances to LR & CBD + median year structure built + more | |||||||
| Level 6a | Level 5 + six land uses | QICC | 50859.2 | 50802.6 | 50877.5 | 50744.7 | 50737.5 | 50743.6 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −597.3 | −1286.1 | −579.0 | −1344.0 | −719.0 | −1345.1 | ||
| Improvement from Level 5 | −101.3 | −204.6 | −30.9 | −285.4 | −81.5 | −284.5 | ||
| Level 6b | Level 5 + % walk to work | QICC | 50958.4 | 50992.9 | 50910.4 | 50980.2 | 50806.8 | 50960.3 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −498.1 | −1095.8 | −546.1 | −1108.5 | −649.7 | −1128.4 | ||
| Improvement from Level 5 | −2.1 | −14.3 | 2.0 | −49.9 | −12.2 | −67.8 | ||
| Level 6c | Level 5 + six land uses + % walk to work | QICC | 50855.9 | 50795.4 | 50879.3 | 50712.4 | 50738.6 | 50679.2 |
| Improvement from Level 0 | −600.6 | −1293.3 | −577.2 | −1376.3 | −717.9 | −1409.5 | ||
| Improvement from Level 5 | −104.6 | −211.8 | −29.1 | −317.7 | −80.4 | −348.9 | ||
Note: Values in italics show improvement of fit in comparison with other models, where larger negative values are associated with larger improvement. Shaded values indicate the best fit model for each level of models by gender.