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Representative decay curves of the hyperpolarized 13C NMR signal of 1:1 (v/v) [1-13C]pyruvic acid:sulfolane doped with 40 mM BDPA mixed with different Gd3+ concentration. The solid lines are fits to an equation accounting for the decay of hyperpolarized NMR signal due to rf excitation and T1 decay. Inset: a summary of the solid-state 13C nuclear T1 relaxation values of BDPA-doped samples mixed with different Gd3+ concentration.
