Table 3.
Factor | Origin | Function |
---|---|---|
TNFα | Oocyte | Regulates apoptosis of oocytes |
BMP15 | Oocyte | Differentiation and proliferation of primary follicles |
GDF 9 | Oocyte | Differentiation and proliferation of primary follicles |
EGF/bFGF | Oocyte | Induces development of primordial and preantral follicles |
Figα (Figla) | Oocyte | Coordination of structural genes for development of the primordial follicle such as Zp1, Zp2, and Zp3 of the ZP |
Protein ckit | Oocyte and theca | Transition of primordial follicle to primary follicle. Migration and proliferation of germ cells |
Activin | Granulosa cells | Proliferation of granulosa cells |
KL | Pregranulosa cells | Induces development of primordial follicle to primary follicle |
GH | Endocrine | Development of GC and theca cells of preantral follicles |
Insulin | Endocrine | Induces development of the primordial follicle to primary follicle |
IGF-I | Granulosa cells | Stimulates development from preantral follicle to antral follicle |
AMH | Granulosa cells | Inhibition of primordial follicle development |
AhR | Granulosa cells | Regulation of the oocyte pool size |
BMP4 | Theca/stroma | Promotes transition from primordial follicle to primary follicle and oocyte survival |
KGF | Theca | Proliferation of granulosa cells |
AhR: Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor, AMH: anti-Mullerian hormone, BMP: bone morphogenic protein, EGF/bFGF: epidermis growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor, GDF: growth differentiation factor, GH: growth hormone, Figα: factor in the germline alpha, IGF: insulin growth factor, KGF: keratinocyte growth factor, KL: Kit ligand, TNF: tumor necrosis factor.