Table 2.
Food frequency consumption of cereals products and dairy products (N (%)) and adjusted multinomial regression, SESI study.
| Daily | 4–6 times/week | 2-3 times/week | 1 time/week | Less than 1 time/week (reference) | P value multinomial regression## | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dairy products | Whole milk | ≤0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 490 (13.3)* | 858 (23.3)* | 338 (9.2)* | 348 (9.4)* | 1652 (44.8) | |||
| Female | 97 (8.6) | 246 (21.7) | 79 (7.0) | 93 (8.2) | 617 (54.5) | |||
| Skim milk | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 80 (2.2)* | 149 (4.0)* | 104 (2.8) | 32 (0.9) | 3322 (90.1) | |||
| Female | 76 (6.7) | 72 (6.4) | 41 (3.6) | 11 (1.0) | 931 (82.3) | |||
| Yogurt | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 92 (2.5)* | 68 (1.8)* | 376 (10.2)* | 309 (8.4)* | 2837 (77.1) | |||
| Female | 102 (9.0) | 37 (3.3) | 147 (13.0) | 146 (12.9) | 699 (61.8) | |||
| Cheese | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 382 (10.4)* | 229 (6.2) | 842 (22.8) | 548 (14.9) | 1684 (45.7) | |||
| Female | 220 (19.5) | 82 (7.3) | 228 (20.2) | 175 (15.5) | 425 (37.6) | |||
|
| ||||||||
| Cereals products | Bread | 0.05 | ||||||
| Male | 2845 (77.2)# | 310 (8.4) | 229 (6.2) | 182 (4.9) | 120 (3.3) | |||
| Female | 760 (67.1) | 107 (9.5) | 129 (11.4) | 96 (8.5) | 40 (3.5) | |||
| Rice | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 3377 (91.7)* | 168 (4.6) | 70 (1.9) | 19 (0.5) | 49 (1.3) | |||
| Female | 934 (82.6) | 94 (8.3) | 56 (5.0) | 16 (1.4) | 31 (2.7) | |||
| Pasta | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 800 (21.7)* | 338 (9.2)* | 1371 (37.2)* | 694 (18.8) | 480 (13.0) | |||
| Female | 134 (11.9) | 101 (8.9) | 427 (37.8) | 283 (25.1) | 184 (16.3) | |||
|
| ||||||||
| Fruits and vegetables | Fruit juice | ≤0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 1357 (36.8)* | 366 (9.9)* | 518 (14.1)* | 507 (13.8) | 938 (25.4) | |||
| Female | 348 (30.8) | 92 (8.1) | 152 (13.4) | 212 (18.7) | 327 (28.9) | |||
| Fruit | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 1017 (27.6)* | 389 (10.6) | 1195 (32.5)* | 453 (12.3) | 626 (17.0) | |||
| Female | 467 (41.3) | 115 (10.2) | 263 (23.3) | 122 (10.8) | 164 (14.5) | |||
| Vegetables | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 1831 (49.7) | 524 (14.2)* | 842 (22.9)* | 252 (6.8) | 234 (6.4) | |||
| Female | 642 (56.8) | 134 (11.8) | 210 (18.6) | 69 (6.1) | 76 (6.7) | |||
| Leafy vegetables | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 1597 (43.3)* | 454 (12.3) | 867 (23.5)* | 330 (9.0) | 437 (11.9) | |||
| Female | 606 (53.6) | 134 (11.9) | 187 (16.6) | 83 (7.4) | 119 (10.5) | |||
|
| ||||||||
| Beans | Beans | ≤0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 3166 (86.1)* | 227 (6.2)* | 172 (4.7) | 43 (1.2) | 68 (1.8) | |||
| Female | 735 (65.0) | 82 (7.3) | 161 (14.2) | 65 (5.7) | 88 (7.8) | |||
| Sweets | Sweets | ≤0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 596 (16.2)* | 277 (7.5)* | 764 (20.8) | 521 (14.2) | 1519 (41.3) | |||
| Female | 266 (23.6) | 114 (10.1) | 187 (16.6) | 173 (15.3) | 389 (34.5) | |||
|
| ||||||||
| Meats | Sausages | 0.03 | ||||||
| Male | 123 (3.3) | 161 (4.4) | 951 (25.8)* | 909 (24.7) | 1540 (41.8) | |||
| Female | 36 (3.2) | 45 (4.0) | 253 (22.4) | 276 (24.4) | 520 (46.0) | |||
| Fish | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 55 (1.5) | 114 (3.1) | 691 (18.8)* | 1005 (27.3)* | 1818 (49.4) | |||
| Female | 13 (1.1) | 27 (2.4) | 152 (13.4) | 273 (24.1) | 666 (58.9) | |||
| Red meat | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 902 (24.5)* | 778 (21.1)* | 1503 (40.8)* | 327 (8.9) | 176 (4.8) | |||
| Female | 189 (16.7) | 205 (18.1) | 479 (42.4) | 154 (13.6) | 103 (9.1) | |||
| Chicken with skin | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 92 (2.5) | 284 (7.7)* | 1018 (27.7)* | 461 (12.6)* | 1816 (49.5) | |||
| Female | 35 (3.1) | 66 (5.9) | 203 (18.2) | 136 (12.2) | 677 (60.6) | |||
| Chicken without skin | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 191 (5.2)* | 390 (10.6)* | 1199 (32.5)* | 479 (13.0)* | 1425 (38.7) | |||
| Female | 75 (6.7) | 181 (16.2) | 391 (34.9) | 160 (14.3) | 312 (27.9) | |||
|
| ||||||||
| Oils and fats | French fries | ≤0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 84 (2.3) | 114 (3.1) | 772 (21.0)* | 827 (22.5)* | 1882 (51.2) | |||
| Female | 19 (1.7) | 28 (2.5) | 196 (17.3) | 248 (21.9) | 639 (56.5) | |||
| Fried food | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 132 (3.6) | 197 (5.4)* | 753 (20.5)* | 633 (17.2) | 1965 (53.4) | |||
| Female | 32 (2.8) | 40 (3.5) | 196 (17.3) | 233 (20.6) | 630 (55.7) | |||
| Bread with margarine | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 1677 (45.5) | 180 (4.9) | 128 (3.5)# | 81 (2.2)* | 1621 (44.0) | |||
| Female | 465 (41.1) | 56 (4.9) | 55 (4.9) | 55 (4.9) | 501 (44.3) | |||
| Bread with butter | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 1173 (31.8)* | 134 (3.6) | 93 (2.5)* | 82 (2.2) | 2204 (59.8) | |||
| Female | 245 (21.7) | 43 (3.8) | 62 (5.5) | 26 (2.3) | 755 (66.8) | |||
| Food with lard | 0.2 | |||||||
| Male | 114 (3.1) | 28 (0.8) | 80 (2.2) | 57 (1.5) | 3404 (92.4) | |||
| Female | 38 (3.4) | 15 (1.3) | 20 (1.8) | 23 (2.0) | 1036 (91.5) | |||
| Bacon | 0.1 | |||||||
| Male | 35 (1.0) | 45 (1.2) | 217 (5.9) | 329 (8.9) | 3054 (83.0) | |||
| Female | 8 (0.7) | 28 (2.5) | 58 (5.1) | 87 (7.7) | 949 (84.0) | |||
| Fast food | Soda | ≤0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 562 (15.3)* | 516 (14.0)* | 1179 (32.0)* | 615 (16.7)* | 810 (22.0) | |||
| Female | 111 (9.8) | 84 (7.4) | 277 (24.5) | 252 (22.3) | 406 (35.9) | |||
| Bread with mayonnaise | ≤0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 615 (16.7) | 40 (1.1) | 30 (0.8)* | 25 (0.7) | 2976 (80.7) | |||
| Female | 180 (15.9) | 17 (1.5) | 34 (3.0) | 12 (1.1) | 888 (78.5) | |||
| X burger | 0.003 | |||||||
| Male | 25 (0.7)# | 27 (0.7) | 258 (7.0)* | 486 (13.2)# | 2888 (78.4) | |||
| Female | 3 (0.3) | 11 (1.0) | 61 (5.4) | 156 (13.8) | 899 (79.6) | |||
| Pizza | 0.7 | |||||||
| Male | 19 (0.5) | 27 (0.7) | 224 (6.1) | 701 (19.0) | 2711 (73.6) | |||
| Female | 4 (0.4) | 12 (1.1) | 93 (8.2) | 250 (22.1) | 771 (68.2) | |||
P values of chi-square test: *P value <0.001. ** 0.01 ≤ P value ≤0.049. ## P value adjusted for age, education, size of company.