Table 1.
Characteristics of study population: HIV-infected pregnant women (n 904) enrolled in a randomized trial of vitamins (1995–1997), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| Variable | Mean or n | sd or % |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||
| Age (years) | 24·7 | 4·8 |
| <20 | 117 | 12·9 |
| 20–24 | 368 | 40·7 |
| 25–29 | 271 | 30·0 |
| ≥30 | 148 | 16·4 |
| Tanzanian shillings spent daily on food* | 1585·7 | 719·9 |
| Gestational age at baseline (weeks) | 20·4 | 3·4 |
| HIV-related | ||
| WHO HIV disease stage | ||
| I | 767 | 84·8 |
| II | 128 | 14·2 |
| III | 9 | 1·0 |
| CD4 T-cell count (cells/µl) | 423·4 | 200·2 |
| <200 | 102 | 11·9 |
| 200–499 | 487 | 56·9 |
| ≥500 | 267 | 31·2 |
| Infections | ||
| ESR (mm/h) | 58·3 | 35·6 |
| <81 | 620 | 74·8 |
| ≥81 | 209 | 25·2 |
| Malaria infection | ||
| No | 732 | 81·9 |
| Yes | 162 | 18·1 |
| Pathogenic protozoan infections† | ||
| No | 687 | 93·2 |
| Yes | 50 | 6·8 |
| Hookworm | ||
| No | 650 | 88·4 |
| Yes | 85 | 11·6 |
| Any helminth infection‡ | ||
| No | 599 | 81·3 |
| Yes | 138 | 18·7 |
| Any intestinal parasite (pathogenic protozoan or helminth infection) | ||
| No | 557 | 75·6 |
| Yes | 180 | 24·4 |
| Syphilis | ||
| No | 721 | 94·0 |
| Yes | 46 | 6·0 |
| Vaginal candidiasis | ||
| No | 527 | 59·8 |
| Yes | 355 | 40·2 |
| Sexually transmitted infections | ||
| No | 651 | 72·4 |
| Yes | 248 | 27·6 |
| Nutritional | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23·4 | 3·3 |
| Plasma vitamin D concentration (ng/ml) | 36·5 | 12·1 |
| <32 | 275 | 37·4 |
| Hb concentration (g/l) | 94 | 17·0 |
| <110 | 746 | 82·5 |
| <85 | 239 | 26·4 |
ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Data are presented as mean and sd for continuous variables or as n and % for categorical variables.
*
$US 1 was equivalent to approximately 500 Tanzanian Shillings at the time of data collection.
†
Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica or Cryptosporidium parvum.
‡
Hookworm, Trichuris trichura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis or Schistosoma mansoni.