Table 2.

Predictors^* of haematological outcomes during the overall follow-up period (including the delivery and postpartum periods): HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in a randomized trial of vitamins (1995–1997), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

	Anaemia† (n/N 138/158)			Severe anaemia† (n/N 222/667)			Severe microcytosis† (n/N 125/850)
Variable	HR	95 % CI	P value‡	HR	95 % CI	P value‡	HR	95 % CI	P value‡
Immunological
CD4 T-cell count (per 100 cells)	–	–	–	0·87	0·81, 0·94	<0·001	0·82	0·73, 0·91	<0·001
CD8 T-cell count (per 100 cells)	–	–	–	1·07	1·02, 1·11	<0·01	1·08	1·02, 1·14	<0·01
Nutritional
Hb (per 10 g/l)	0·75	0·58, 0·96	0·02	–	–	–	0·77	0·67, 0·87	<0·0001
Low vitamin D (<32 ng/ml)	–	–	–	1·41	1·05, 1·89	0·02	2·38	1·58, 3·58	<0·0001
Infections
High ESR (≥81 mm/h)	–	–	–	1·53	1·112, 2·08	<0·01	–	–	–
Hookworm	–	–	–	–	–	–	1·94	1·13, 3·35	0·02
Malaria	1·97	1·23, 3·15	<0·01	–	–	–	–	–	–
Pathogenic protozoa§	1·83	1·00, 3·37	0·05	–	–	–	–	–	–
Syphilis	–	–	–	–	–	–	2·34	1·15, 4·74	0·02
Additional variables
Second pregnancy‖	0·49	0·29, 0·83	<0·01	0·41	0·30, 0·58	<0·0001	0·47	0·31, 0·70	<0·001

HR, hazard ratio; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

^*All multivariate analyses were adjusted for multivitamin regimen and adherence to prenatal Fe supplementation.

^†Anaemia: Hb <110 g/l, severe anaemia: Hb <85 g/l, severe microcytosis: hypochromasia ≥2+ and microcytic cells on peripheral smear.

^‡P values were obtained from Cox proportional hazards analyses; women who had the endpoint of interest at baseline were excluded, to examine time to first occurrence of outcome during follow-up.

^§Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica or Cryptosporidium parvum.

^‖Second pregnancy after enrolment into the trial.