Table 2.

Prospective association of exclusive breast-feeding with subsequent risk of morbidity episodes among children during 0–6 months of life, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

		Univariate			Multivariate
Outcome	Events	RR	95 % CI	P	RR	95 % CI	P
Respiratory infection
Cough*	993	0·52	0·43, 0·62	<0·0001	0·49	0·40, 0·60	<0·0001
Cough and fever†	300	0·47	0·35, 0·63	<0·0001	0·44	0·32, 0·60	<0·0001
Cough and difficulty breathing or chest retraction   or refusal to feed†	119	0·33	0·19, 0·58	0·0001	0·31	0·18, 0·55	<0·0001
Cough and rapid respiratory rate†	44	0·90	0·46, 1·75	0·75	0·80	0·40, 1·62	0·54
Diarrhoea‡
Acute	223	0·33	0·22, 0·49	<0·0001	0·29	0·19, 0·44	<0·0001
Watery	88	0·33	0·18, 0·62	0·0006	0·29	0·15, 0·59	0·0005
Dysentery	135	0·34	0·21, 0·57	<0·0001	0·30	0·18, 0·52	<0·0001
Fever and hospitalizations§
Fever	515	0·51	0·41, 0·65	<0·0001	0·49	0·39, 0·64	<0·0001
Hospitalization	48	0·71	0·37, 1·35	0·30	0·51	0·25, 1·06	0·07
Outpatient visit	370	0·45	0·34, 0·59	<0·0001	0·43	0·32, 0·57	<0·0001

RR, rate ratio; MUAC, mid upper-arm circumference; HAZ, height-for-age Z-score; WAZ, weight-for-age Z-score; WHZ, weight-for-height Z-score.

^*Adjusted for child HIV status, MUAC, HAZ, WAZ, WHZ, gender, birth weight and birth height; and maternal viral load, CD4 count, Hb, BMI, MUAC, age, education, occupation, social support, clinical depression, partner education, number of living children, calendar year of delivery and type of delivery.

^†Adjusted for child HIV status and MUAC; and maternal occupation, MUAC and partner education.

^‡Adjusted for child MUAC; and maternal social support, clinical depression score, CD4 count, Hb, year of delivery and number of living children.

^§Adjusted for child birth weight, HIV status, WAZ and WHZ; and maternal clinical depression score, BMI and year of delivery.