Focusing on illness needs
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Learning |
Learning about condition and health needs |
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Taking ownership of health needs |
Recognizing and managing body responses |
Monitoring and managing symptoms, side effects, and body responses
Recognizing limits
Adjusting treatment regimen to manage symptoms and side effects
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Completing health tasks |
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Becoming an expert |
Goal setting
Decision making
Problem solving
Planning, prioritizing and pacing
Knowing if/when to take a break from one's regimen
Developing confidence and self-efficacy
Evaluating effectiveness of self-management
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Performing health promotion activities |
Changing behaviors to minimize disease impact |
Modifying diet, nutrition, smoking, and physical activity
Reducing stress
Taking action to prevent complications
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Sustaining health promotion activities |
Keeping up with screenings, immunizations, and lifestyle modifications
Using complementary therapy
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Activating resources
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Healthcare resources |
Creating and maintaining relationships with healthcare providers |
Finding the right provider(s)
Communicating effectively
Making decisions collaboratively
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Navigating the healthcare system |
Coordinating services/appointments, insurance
Using resources effectively
Creating and revisiting advance care plans
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Psychological resources |
Identifying and benefiting from psychological resources |
Drawing on intrinsic resources, e.g., creativity
Drawing strength and wisdom from past experiences
Cultivating courage, discipline, and motivation
Maintaining positive outlook and hope
Maintaining self-worth
Advocating for self
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Spiritual resources |
Sustaining spiritual self |
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Social resources |
Obtaining and managing social support |
Seeking support of family and friends
Being proactive to limit isolation
Creating a community of peers with similar experiences
Working through issues of dependence/independence
Assisting others to become partners in disease management (e.g., distributing tasks)
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Community resources |
Addressing social and environmental challenges |
Seeking resources, such as financial assistance (e.g., prescription subsidies), environmental support (e.g., assistive devices), and community resources (e.g., transportation)
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Living with a chronic illness
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Processing emotions |
Processing and sharing emotions |
Exploring and expressing emotional responses
Dealing with shock of diagnosis, self-blame, and guilt
Grieving
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Adjusting |
Adjusting to illness |
Making sense of illness
Identifying and confronting change and loss (e.g., changes in physical function, role, identity, body image, control, and mortality)
Managing uncertainty
Developing coping strategies (e.g., self-talk)
Dealing with discouraging setbacks
Focusing on possibilities (e.g., envisioning the future, reframing adversity into opportunity)
Accepting the “new normal”
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Adjusting to “new” self |
Clarifying and re-establishing roles
Examining health beliefs
Making social comparisons
Choosing when and to whom to disclose illness
Dealing with stigma
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Integrating illness into daily life |
Modifying lifestyle to adapt to disease |
Reorganizing everyday life
Obtaining assistance with activities of daily living
Creating a consistent health routine
Controlling environment
Being flexible
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Seeking normalcy in life |
Carrying out normal tasks and responsibilities as much as possible
Managing disruptions in school, work, family, and social activities
Balancing living life with health needs
Finding new enjoyable activities
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Meaning making |
Reevaluating life |
Reflecting on/rearranging priorities and values
Reframing expectations of life and self
Coming to terms with terminal condition and end of life
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Personal growth |
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Striving for personal satisfaction |
Finding meaning in work, relationships, activities, and spirituality
Creating a sense of purpose
Appreciating life
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