Table 2.
Characteristics of children less than five years of age who reside in an IRS area and a non-IRS area in Nkhotakota District, Malawi, 2009 (n = 899)*
| Characteristic | Total (n = 899), no. (%, 95% CI) | IRS area (n = 392), no. (%; 95% CI) | Non-IRS area (n = 507), no. (%; 95% CI) | P† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resides in a home that received IRS | 298 (33, 18–49) | 298 (77, 67–86) | 0 | NA |
| Bed net use | ||||
| Slept under insecticide treated net (ITN) | 446 (49, 45–53) | 196 (51, 44–55) | 250 (49, 43–54) | 0.84 |
| Slept under untreated net | 177 (20, 15–25) | 71 (19, 13–25) | 106 (21, 13–29) | 0.67 |
| Resides in a home that received IRS and slept under an ITN | 146 (16, 8–24) | 146 (37, 31–44) | 0 | NA |
| Resides in a house with walls made of | 0.02 | |||
| Mud | 397 (44, 34–53) | 129 (31, 17–46) | 268 (53, 43–63) | |
| Brick/stone | 502 (56, 47–66) | 263 (69, 54–83) | 239 (47, 37–57) | |
| Resides in a house with roof made of | 0.02 | |||
| Natural materials | 719 (80, 69–91) | 256 (65, 43–86) | 463 (92, 87–97) | |
| Iron sheets | 180 (20, 9–31) | 136 (35, 14–57) | 44 (8, 3–13) | |
| Socioeconomic status by wealth quintile | 0.03 | |||
| Poorest | 286 (31, 24–39) | 80 (20, 9–30) | 206 (40, 32–48) | |
| Second | 197 (22, 17–27) | 72 (18, 11–25) | 125 (25, 18–32) | |
| Third | 161 (18, 14–22) | 72 (18, 11–26) | 89 (18, 13–22) | |
| Fourth | 135 (15, 11–19) | 73 (19, 13–26) | 62 (12, 8–16) | |
| Least poor | 120 (13, 5–22) | 95 (25, 8–41) | 25 (5, 1–9) | |
| Fever in past two weeks | 449 (50, 44–57) | 194 (50, 40–61) | 255 (50, 41–59) | 0.99 |
| Any parasitemia | 282 (33, 27–40) | 81 (22, 16–28) | 201 (42, 34–50) | < 0.001 |
| Any anemia (Hb level < 11 g/dL) | 530 (64, 57–70) | 200 (53, 46–61) | 330 (72, 64–79) | 0.002 |
| Any moderate-to severe-anemia (Hb level < 8 g/dL) | 69 (8, 6–11) | 21 (6, 3–8) | 48 (10, 7–14) | 0.05 |
*
IRS = indoor residual spraying; CI = confidence interval; NA = not applicable; ITN = insecticide-treated net; Hb = hemoglobin.
†
Statistical testing comparing IRS area and non-IRS-area using t-test or Wald chi-square test as appropriate.