Table 4.

Factors associated with any anemia (hemoglobin level < 11 g/dL) in children less than five years of age in Nkhotakota District, Malawi, 2009 (n = 835)^*

Variable	Proportion with any anemia, no. (%)	Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval)	P
IRS
Resides in a home that received IRS	156/284 (55)	0.79 (0.66–0.96)	0.02
Did not receive IRS but resides in an IRS area	44/89 (48)	0.70 (0.55–0.88)	0.003
No IRS	330/462 (72)	Referent	Referent
Bed net use
Child slept under an ITN	269/416 (64)	0.98 (0.87–1.10)	0.69
Child slept under untreated bed net	93/163 (57)	0.88 (0.79–0.98)	0.02
Child did not sleep under any bed net	168/256 (66)	Referent	Referent
Resides in a home that received IRS and slept under an ITN†	81/139 (58)	1.10 (0.90–1.36)	0.35
Resides in a house with walls made of
Mud	245/368 (67)	0.95 (0.84–1.07)	0.38
Brick/stone	285/467 (61)	Referent	Referent
Resides in a house with roof made of
Natural materials	450/672 (67)	1.09 (0.93–1.28)	0.31
Iron sheets	80/163 (48)	Referent	Referent
Socioeconomic status by wealth quintile
Poorest	185/266 (70)	1.30 (1.03–1.64)	0.03
Second	133/184 (72)	1.38 (1.12–1.71)	0.003
Third	93/148 (63)	1.27 (1.00–1.62)	0.05
Fourth	68/124 (55)	1.14 (0.91–1.43)	0.25
Least poor	51/113 (43)	Referent	Referent

^*IRS = indoor residual spraying; ITN = insecticide-treated net.

^†Interaction term of resides in a home that received IRS × slept under an ITN.