Table 2.
Important research elements of primary prevention interventions targeting obesity prevention in the after school setting.
| # | Study | Outcome Measures | A priori Sample Size Calculation | Process Evaluation | Number of Measurements | Setting | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antecedents of behavior | Behaviors | Body Composition or Other Functional Outcome | ||||||
| 1. | Annesi, 2006 [18] | Physical self-concept, and self-efficacy for exercise barriers | PA | None | No | Yes | Two (pre & post) | YMCA ASP |
| Annesi, Faigenbaum, et al. 2008 [19] | Four self-appraisal (ex. general self) and two mood variables (ex, tension) | PA | None | Yes | No | Two (pre & post) | YMCA ASP | |
| Annesi, Moore, et al. 2008 [20] | None | PA | BMI-% | Yes | No | Two (pre & post) | YMCA ASP | |
| Annesi, et al. 2009 [21] | Self-efficacy for PA, physical self-concept, and general self | PA and FV intake | BMI, muscular strength, cardio-respiratory endurance, and flexibility | No | Yes | Two (pre & post) | YMCA ASP | |
| Annesi, et al. 2011 [22] | None | None | BMI-%, muscular strength, and cardio-respiratory endurance | Yes | Yes | Two (pre & post) | YMCA ASP | |
| 2. | Evans, et al. 2006 [23] | Home nutrition environment, self-efficacy, motivation, social support, and perceived parental support | FV intake | None | No | Yes | Two (pre & post) | School Affiliated ASP |
| 3. | Jago, et al. 2006 [24] | Perceived exertion and enjoyment. | None | BMI-%, waist circumference, and blood pressure. | No | Yes | Two (pre & post) | YMCA ASP |
| 4 | Barbeau, et al. 2007 [25] | None | PA | BMI-%, waist circumference, body composition and cardiovascular fitness | No | Yes | Two (pre & post) | School Affiliated ASP |
| Howe, et al. 2011 [26] | None | PA | BMI-%, waist circumference, body composition and cardiovascular fitness | No | Yes | Two (pre & post) | School Affiliated ASP | |
| 5. | Speroni, et al. 2007 [27] | Body self-perception, and satisfaction for favorite foods and activities. | None | BMI-%, and waist circumference | No | Yes | Three (pre, post and 3-month follow-up) | School affiliated ASP |
| 6. | Gutin, et al. 2008 [28] | None | None | Body composition, and aerobic fitness | No | Yes | Six (pre and post each year for three years) | School affiliated ASP |
| 7. | Slawta, et al. 2008 [29] | Diet knowledge | Diet | Fitness, BMI, body composition, lipids and lipoproteins. | No | Yes | Two (pre & post) | School affiliated ASP |
| 8. | Branscum, et al. 2009 [30] | Self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and behavioral capabilities | Diet | None | No | Yes * reported elsewhere | Two (pre & post) | School affiliated ASP |
| 9. | Huberty, et al. 2009 [31] | Enjoyment, self-efficacy, and social support. | None | BMI | No | Yes | Two (pre & post) | Various ASP’s |
| 10. | Madsen, et al. 2009 [32] | None | None | Fitness and BMI | No | No | Two (pre & post) | School affiliated ASP |
| 11. | Neumark-Sztainer, et al. 2009 [33] | Self-efficacy, enjoyment for PA & FV, weight concerns, body satisfaction, self-worth and home environment. | Diet, PA, TV viewing, and response to satiety cues | BMI/BMI z-score | No | Yes | Two (pre & post) | School affiliated ASP |
| 12. | Topp, et al. 2009 [34] | None | Diet | Cardiovascular fitness, BMI-%, waist circumference and body composition. | No | Yes | Two (pre & post) | School affiliated ASP |
| 13. | Dzewaltoski, et al. 2010 [35] | None | PA and sedentary activities | BMI z-score | Yes | Yes | Six (beginning, mid, and end of year for two years) | School affiliated ASP |
| 14. | Freedman, et al. 2010 [36] | None | Diet | None | No | Yes | Three (pre, post and 3-month follow-up) | Library ASP |
| 15. | Matvienko, et al. 2010 [37] | None | None | BMI, waist circumference, and motor skills | No | No | Three (pre, post and 4-month follow-up) | School affiliated ASP |
| 16. | Robinson, et al.2010 [38] | PA preference, over concern with weight, body size perception, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and school performance. | PA, screen time, eating meals while watching TV, and diet. | BMI, waist circumference, body composition, blood pressure, heart rate, fasting lipids, glucose and insulin. | Yes | Yes | Six (beginning, mid, and end of year for two years) | Community center ASP |
| 17. | Rosenkranz, et al. 2010 [39] | None | PA, and diet | BMI z-score, | Yes | Yes | Two (pre & post) | Girl Scout ASP |
| 18. | Carson, et al. 2011 [40] | Nutrition and PA knowledge, | PA, and diet (parent survey) | None | No | No | Two (pre & post) | School affiliated ASP |
| 19. | Davis, et al. 2011 [41] | None | Diet | BMI-%, body composition, waist circumference, and blood pressure | No | Yes | Two (pre & post) | Community center ASP |
| 20. | de Heer, et al. 2011 [42] | Diet intentions and knowledge, | None | BMI-%, aerobic capacity | Yes | No | Two (pre & follow up) | School affiliated ASP |
* Abbreviations (ASP = after school program; PA = physical activity; apo B = apolipoprotein B; BMI-% = body mass index percentile; BMI = body mass index; FV = fruit and vegetables)