MAPK cascade in JNK activation. GITR ligation (1 μg) for 72 h increases levels of MKK7, c-Jun, p-c-Jun, and subunits of NF-κB in cytoplasmic and nuclear cell extracts, and decreases levels of NF-κB inhibitor (IκB) in cytoplasmic extracts. Data are representative of three independent and similar experiments. PI, phorbol/ionomycin; Med, medium.