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. 2012 Jun 4;7(6):e37984. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037984

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Nadler et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Cycling of Etk phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are required for capsule production (arrow 1). This cycling is mediated by the autokinase and autophosphatase activities of Etk and Etp, respectively (arrows 2 and 3). Etp also cycles between phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms and this cycling is catalyzed by Etp autodephosphorylation (arrow 4) and a yet to be defined kinase (arrow 5). Etp cycling per se is not required for capsule formation. However, based on our results we hypothesize that the unphosphorylated Etp has an inhibitory effect on capsule formation (arrow 6), which can be removed by Etp phosphorylation.