Table 4.
Baseline Characteristics of the Diabetic Subgroup Stratified by Hemoglobin A1c Quartile
| Hemoglobin A1c Level (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | ≤ 6.4 | 6.5–7.2 | 7.3–8.5 | ≥ 8.6 | P-value |
| Age (years) | 58.6 ± 9.6 | 59.0 ± 10.1 | 58.0 ± 10.9 | 53.7 ± 10.0 | 0.001 |
| Female | 28.9% | 29.3% | 24.4% | 31.0% | 0.797 |
| Myocardial ischemic etiology | 61.1% | 58.5% | 67.4% | 50.0% | 0.130 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.5 ± 5.1 | 27.8 ± 5.2 | 28.6 ± 5.1 | 30.7 ± 5.9 | <0.001 |
| New York Heart Association I / II / III / IV | 2.9% / 17.4% / 43.4% / 36.2% | 4.3% / 10.1% / 47.8% / 37.7% | 3.3% / 11.5% / 54.1% / 31.1% | 1.6% / 20.6% / 38.1% / 39.7% | 0.678 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.8 ± 0.4 | 6.8 ± 0.2 | 7.9 ± 0.4 | 10.0± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| Left ventricle ejection fraction (%) | 26.4 ± 10.5 | 24.5 ± 10.7 | 24.5 ± 8.4 | 25.5 ± 8.5 | 0.501 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter index (mm/m2) | 35.5 ± 11.0 | 35.1 ± 8.8 | 32.7 ± 8.3 | 30.8 ± 8.0 | 0.014 |
| Peak oxygen consumption (L/kg/min) | 11.9 ± 2.7 | 11.1 ± 3.6 | 11.6 ± 3.3 | 11.8 ± 4.1 | 0.692 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 79.7 ± 16.0 | 78.4 ± 15.1 | 82.5 ± 15.9 | 82.9 ± 14.7 | 0.213 |
| Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.4 ± 12.1 | 77.5 ± 12.1 | 83.9± 13.1 | 85.2 ± 14.7 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 107.2 ± 16.6 | 107.0 ± 20.1 | 115.4 ± 21.1 | 116.6 ± 24.2 | 0.003 |
| Pulmonary capillary wedge (mmHg) (n=560) | 21.4 ± 7.5 | 22.5 ± 8.6 | 22.6 ± 7.6 | 22.7 ± 8.8 | 0.801 |
| Hemoglobin (mL/g) | 12.2 ± 2.3 | 12.8 ± 2.1 | 12.9 ± 1.9 | 13.0 ± 1.9 | 0.096 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 2.6 | 1.6 ± 1.8 | 0.540 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 30.1 ± 18.0 | 35.9 ± 23.8 | 41.7 ± 32.8 | 31.8 ± 19.1 | 0.008 |
| B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/dL) | 654.0 (255.0–1300.0) | 516.0 (252.0–1220.0) | 743.0 (340.0–1301.0) | 503.0 (202.5–1055.0) | 0.557 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 151.2 ± 56.1 | 148.2 ± 52.8 | 155.9 ± 64.1 | 161.1 ± 60.0 | 0.507 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(mg/dL) | 83.9 ± 44.0 | 83.8 ± 33.1 | 81.5 ± 38.8 | 90.4 ± 45.3 | 0.575 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol(mg/dL) | 35.3 ± 11.7 | 37.6 ± 16.3 | 33.8 ± 9.6 | 37.4 ± 15.5 | 0.266 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 116.0 (84.0–188.0) | 102.0 (65.0–140.0) | 126.0 (75.0–273.0) | 139.0 (81.0–248.0) | 0.029 |
| Heart Failure Medications | |||||
| Beta blocker | 80.0% | 81.9% | 84.9% | 88.6% | 0.425 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 53.3% | 59.6% | 60.5% | 59.1% | 0.763 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or Angiotensin receptor blocker | 83.3% | 81.9% | 79.1% | 90.9% | 0.175 |
| Anti-Diabetic Medications | |||||
| Insulin | 33.3% | 21.4% | 35.2% | 48.9% | 0.003 |
| Sulfonylureas | 25.0% | 23.8% | 30.7% | 42.2% | 0.033 |
| Glitazones | 8.3% | 5.1% | 14.8% | 15.4% | 0.276 |
| Metformin | 8.3% | 37.5% | 20.5% | 26.6% | 0.019 |