Table 1.
Clinical and metabolic characteristics of control volunteers and obese patients with MetS or type 2 diabetes.
| Control | Metabolic Syndrome | Type 2 diabetes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (sex) | 10 (M) | 10 (M) | 10 (M) |
| Age (years) | 50 ± 3 | 58 ± 2* | 57 ± 3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 0.7 | 30.7 ± 1.4* | 30.8 ± 1.1** |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92 ± 2 | 111 ± 3** | 116 ± 7** |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 5.6 ± 0.1 | 9.0 ± 1.0**† |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l) | 41.1 ± 6.9 | 68.4 ± 12.7* | 45.4 ± 12 |
| HOMA index | 1.54 ± 0.29 | 2.53 ± 0.52 | 2.75 ± 0.92 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 0.54 ± 0.12 | 3.61 ± 0.82* | 4.82 ± 1.52** |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 10.4 ± 0.9**† |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 35.5 ± 0.6 | 38.5 ± 1.4 | 90.2 ± 9.8**† |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121 ± 3 | 144 ± 3** | 132 ± 6*† |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78 ± 4 | 88 ± 5* | 77 ± 3 † |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 6.0 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.4* |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1** | 0.9 ± 0.1** |
| Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3* |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.4** |
| VLDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1** | 1.0 ± 0.1**† |
| Triacylglycerols (mmol/l) | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.3** | 2.6 ± 0.2** |
| Antidiabetic treatment (%) | 0 | 0 | 80 |
| Antihypertensive treatment (%) | 0 | 20 | 40 |
| Hypolipidemic treatment (%) | 0 | 10 | 20 |
Data are means ± SEM (n= 8 to 10 subjects per group).
*
p <0.05 and
**
p < 0.01 vs LDL from control volunteers.
†
p <0.05 vs LDL from MetS patients.
p values were obtained by ANOVA followed by Fisher’s PLSD post hoc test.
M, male; HOMA, HOmeostasis Model Assessment index calculated (fasting insulin × fasting glucose)/22.5; Hypolipidemic treatment was interrupted seven days before inclusion.