Table 4.

Comparison of hazard ratios for death and hospitalization for cardiovascular outcomes using crude, PS-matched, and hdPS-matched approaches in the full and sensitivity analysis cohorts.

	Full population Combined unexposed group = LIS + retirees			Sensitivity analysis Unexposed group = LIS only
	Unadjusted N=243,079 MD*=0.68494	PS-matched N=16,108 MD*=0.00959	hdPS-matched N=15,968 MD*=0.00720	PS-matched N=14,958 MD*=0.00861	hdPS-matched N=13,964 MD*=0.00885
	Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)
Death from any cause	1.00 (0.84 – 1.20)	1.29 (0.99 – 1.66)	1.11 (0.86 – 1.42)	0.78 (0.61 – 0.98)	1.06 (0.82 – 1.37)
Myocardial infarction, stroke, † or death	1.03 (0.87 – 1.21)	1.32 (1.03 – 1.69)	1.00 (0.79 – 1.26)	0.84 (0.67 – 1.05)	1.00 (0.78 – 1.27)
Myocardial infarction or stroke †	0.83 (0.63 – 1.10)	1.05 (0.72 – 1.53)	0.72 (0.50 – 1.02)	0.81 (0.56 – 1.17)	0.80 (0.55 – 1.17)
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)§ with revascularization‡	1.14 (0.87 – 1.49)	1.05 (0.73 – 1.51)	0.90 (0.63 – 1.29)	1.06 (0.73 – 1.54)	0.87 (0.61 – 1.25)
Congestive heart failure	0.86 (0.73 – 1.02)	1.00 (0.79 – 1.26)	0.99 (0.79 – 1.25)	0.93 (0.73 – 1.18)	0.98 (0.77 – 1.25)
Atrial fibrillation	1.11 (0.92 – 1.34)	0.94 (0.73 – 1.21)	0.92 (0.71 – 1.18)	1.10 (0.84 – 1.45)	1.20 (0.90 – 1.61)

^*MD=Mahalanobis distance

^**For specific codes, please see the Appendix.

^†The stroke definition includes inpatient codes for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and excludes transient ischemic attack.

^§The definition for acute coronary syndrome includes inpatient codes for myocardial infarction or angina.

^‡Revascularization included any of the following procedures during the same hospital stay as the ACS diagnosis: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, placement of a stent, systemic or intracoronary thrombolysis, and angiography.