Table 1.

Different Methods for Testing DRUJ Instability. Each Test is Explained and their Specific Characteristics are Described

Name	How to Perform	Positive if:	Tested Stabilizer	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
Stress test/ballottement	Elbowflexion 90°, fingers to the ceiling. Dorsopalmar movement of the ulna in respect to the radius in maximal pronation and supination	Painful or DRUJ laxity	Palmar and dorsal lig. subcruentum	66	68
Radius pull test	Elbowflexion 90°, wrist in neutral position, pulling the radius in longitudinal direction	Ulnar variance increases during pulling under fluoroscopy	Interosseous membrane	Up to 100% in cadaveric studies	Up to 100% in cadaveric studies
Clunk test	Compress ulna to the radius during passive pronosupination	A clunk is palpable for the patient	Interosseous membrane	Not available	Not available
ECU test	Elbowflexion 90°, hand in ulnar deviation, active pronosupination	Abnormal motion ECU tendon	ECU tendon	Not available	Not available
Press test	Patient pushes himself up from seated position with use of affected wrist	Focal ulnar sided wrist pain	TFCC	100%	Not available