Table 2. Number (regional level) and proportion (%) of multidrug resistance and definitive phage type 104 (DT104) in Salmonella Typhimurium in 29 countries participating in the international DT104 survey*.
| Subregion/country | % MDR, % DT104 (% DT104 that are MDR) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992–1993 | 1994–1995 | 1996–1997 | 1998–1999 | 2000–2001 | |
| Northern Europe† | 479; 2,802; 2,143† | 910; 7,590; 6,629 | 1,190; 8,345; 7,520 | 1,729; 4,698; 2,969 | 1,380; 3,270; 824 |
| England + Wales | NA, 22.6 (75.5) | NA, 54.5 (87.0) | NA, 67.5 (94.0) | NA, 57.1 (92.0) | NA, 42.3 (NA) |
| Ireland | 40.3, 38.9 (82.5) | 66.8, 61.2 (90.9) | 76.1, 70.0 (92.6) | 70.7, 65.4 (92.3) | 63.3, 45.2 (90.6) |
| Scotland | 75.0, 63.1 (73.6) | 79.7, 56.3 (89.8) | |||
| Denmark | 1.5, 1.5 (69.2) | 5.0, 3.0 (80.8) | 21.9, 15.8 (93.5) | 23.1, 12.7 (91.5) | |
| Finland | NA, 4.7 (61.0) | NA, 10.5 (83.3) | NA, 11.5 (78.0) | NA, 11.4 (87.2) | 34.8, 27.9 (95.5) |
| Latvia | 79.7, NA (NA) | 63.2, NA (NA) | |||
| Norway | 24.5, NA (NA) | 22.0, 12.6 (100.0) | 32.0, 24.0 (95.5) | ||
| Sweden | NA, 25.3 (NA) | NA, 22.3 (NA) | NA, 23.7 (NA) | ||
| Western Europe† | 2,807; 885; 609† | 5,242; 1,944; 1,519 | 8,407; 6,346; 5,308 | 7,782; 5,347; 4,539 | 10,048; 7,626; 6,377 |
| Austria | NA, 17.0 (NA) | NA, 14.6 (NA) | 13.7, 32.7 (70.6) | 13.1, 28.9 (67.5) | 35.8, 29.6 (82.1) |
| Belgium | 39.6, 27.0 (79.9) | ||||
| Germany | 14.3, 3.1 (89.3) | 30.2, 9.2 (91.7) | 44.3, 32.1 (87.1) | 49.0, 32.1 (86.2) | 57.1, 44.0 (84.7) |
| Luxembourg | 11.0, NA (NA) | 26.9, NA (NA) | 43.2, NA (NA) | 55.0, NA (NA) | 58.1, NA (NA) |
| Netherlands | 10.3, 6.7 (81.5) | 8.9, 15.3 (43.1) | 26.3, 23.5 (78.1) | 29.5, 29.6 (79.8) | 33.9, 37.2 (80.8) |
| Switzerland | 48.8, 28.5 (100.0) | ||||
| Eastern Europe† | NA; 1,034; NA | 117; 2,020; 117 | 778; 1,902; 732 | 889; 1,182; 764 | |
| Czech Republic | 5.8, 57.3 (10.1) | 11.7, 43.9 (26.1) | 28.5, 47.1 (54.6) | ||
| Hungary | NA, 48.9 (NA) | NA, 60.4 (NA) | 33.0, 62.2 (84.0) | 54.1, 57.7 (77.3) | |
| Southern Europe† | 121; 612; NA† | 166; 1,206; NA | 1,126; 3,070; 222 | 112; 1,771; NA | 1,360; 1,296; 674 |
| Greece | 18.1, NA (NA) | 61.6, NA (NA) | 44.8, NA (NA) | 39.2, NA (NA) | 26.3, NA (NA) |
| Malta | 83.6, NA (NA) | 22.5, NA (NA) | 20.0, NA (NA) | 57.1, NA (NA) | 4.3, NA (NA) |
| Spain | NA, 37.1 (NA) | NA, 26.0 (NA) | 34.6, 20.2 (80.4) | NA, 23.4 (NA) | 45.0, 18.3 (65.0) |
| Israel‡ | NA, 59.5 (NA) | NA, 89.6 (NA) | NA, 67.7 (NA) | 85.6, 73.9 (97.7) | |
| North America† | NA; 506; NA† | 3,507; 755; 237 | 9,045; 4,209; 3,265 | 8,315; 4,466; 3,528 | 6,748; 930; 785 |
| Canada | NA, 17.7 (NA) | NA, 27.3 (42.5) | 16.2, 46.1 (51.8) | 44.1, 43.8 (82.3) | 47.8, 35.5 (84.4) |
| USA | 19.8, NA (NA) | 45.7, 29.1 (92.6) | 40.5, 34.0 (77.4) | 39.0, NA (NA) | |
| Caribbean region† | 0; NA; NA | 0; NA; NA | 0; NA; NA | ||
| Caribbean | 0.0, NA (NA) | 0.0, NA (NA) | 0.0, NA (NA) | ||
| South America† | 1; NA; NA | 7; NA; NA | 52; NA; NA | 97; NA; NA | |
| Brazil | 0.5, NA (NA) | 4.0, NA (NA) | 13.0, NA (NA) | 13.0, NA (NA) | |
| Southern Africa† | 74; NA; NA | ||||
| South Africa | 11.2, NA (NA) | ||||
| Eastern Asia† | NA; 32; 32† | NA; 43; 43 | 62; 112; 111 | 44; 121; 121 | 37; 68; 68 |
| Japan | NA, 2.1 (100.0) | NA, 3.1 (100.0) | NA, 8.8 (100.0) | NA, 13.7 (100.0) | NA, 9.8 (100.0) |
| Republic of Korea | 14.3, 22.2 (97.8) | 7.8, 3.2 (100.0) | 13.7, 2.2 (100.0) | ||
| Oceania† | 100; 13; 12† | 114; 9; 8 | 80; 4; 4 | 95; 16; 16 | 163; 38; 27 |
| Australia | 3.8, 0.1 (100.0) | 2.7, NA (NA) | 1.5, NA (NA) | 1.8, 0.2 (100.0) | 3.2, 0.7 (68.6) |
| New Zealand | NA, 0.8 (91.7) | NA, 0.5 (88.9) | NA, 0.3 (100.0) | NA, 0.4 (100.0) | NA, 0.1 (100.0) |
*MDR, multidrug-resistant; NA, data not available. The table also shows the % MDR DT104 of all DT104 strains. †No. of MDR; no. of DT104; and no. of DT104 that are MDR. ‡According to the United Nations classification, Israel belongs to the western Asian region. In this study, Israel has been grouped with southern European countries.