Table. Features of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium swine isolates from European countries*.

Isolate	PFGE	purK	Antimicrobial-drug susceptibility (mg/L)*†													Resistance genes†	Mating‡
			VC	TC	AMP	TET	ER	CP	CL	GM	KM	SM	LIN	DA	NIT
Portugal§
7S4	A	9	>256	256	<2	64	32	<0,5	8	<256	1,000	<256	2	1	64	vanA erm(B)	10–4
8S1	A3	ND	>256	256	<2	32	>32	<0,5	16	<256	<256	<256	2	1	64	vanA erm(B)	10–8
35S2	A4	ND	>256	256	<2	64	>32	<0,5	8	<256	<256	<256	2	0.5	32	vanA erm(B)	ND
Spain¶
S1	A1	9	>256	128	<2	>64	>32	<0,25	8	<256	>2,000	>2,000	2	1	64	vanA erm(B) aphIII	10–5
S2	A2	ND	>256	128	<2	64	>32	<0,25	8	<256	<256	<256	2	2	64	vanA erm(B)	10–4
S8	A1'	ND	>256	128	<2	>64	>32	<0,25	8	<256	>2,000	2,000	2	0.5	64	vanA erm(B) aphIII	10–5
Switzerland#
4D	A	9	>256	64	<2	64	>32	<0,25	<4	<256	<256	<256	2	4	64	vanA erm(B)	10–5

*PFGE, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; VC, vancomycin; TC, teicoplanin; AMP, ampicillin; TET, tetracycline; ER, erythromycin; CP, ciprofloxacin; CL, chloramphenicol; GM, high level of resistance to gentamicin; KM, high-level resistance to kanamycin; SM, high-level resistance to streptomycin; LIN, linezolid; DA, daptomycin; NIT, nitrofurantoin; ND, not done. All isolates were TN1546 type D.

†Antimicrobial resistance or resistance genes detected in transconjugants appear underlined.

‡Conjugation frequency is expressed as transconjugants per donors.

§First 2 isolates were collected in 1997; third in 1998.

¶S1 was isolated in 1998; S2, 1999; and S8, 2000.

#Isolate was collected in 1999.