Table 2.
Immunological distinctions between progressors and non-progressors.
| Controller | LTNP | Progressor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Production of T cells | Thymic output preserved | Thymus output? | Thymic output ↓ |
| Haematopoiesis preserved | Haematopoiesis? | Haematopoiesis exhausted | |
|
| |||
| IL-7/IL-7R | IL-7 Normal | IL-7 ↑ | IL-7 ↑ |
| IL-7R Normal | IL-7R ↓ | IL-7R ↓ | |
|
| |||
| Destruction of T cells | Immune activation ↑ | Immune activation ↑↑ | Immune activation ↑↑↑ |
| Turnover/apoptosis ↑ | Turnover/apoptosis? | Turnover/apoptosis ↑↑ | |
| Microbial translocation ↑ | ? Microbial translocation | ↑↑↑Microbial translocation | |
|
| |||
| Secondary lymphoid tissue | Preserved architecture | ? | Damaged architecture |
|
| |||
| Pro- and anti-inflammatory cells | ↓Tregs | ? Tregs | ↑↑Tregs |
| ↑Th17 | ↑Th17 | ↓Th17 | |
|
| |||
| HIV-specific immune response | Strong | ? | Blunted |
|
| |||
| Viral reservoir | Low | ? | High |
↑/↓: Indicates slightly, ↑↑/↓↓: moderate, ↑↑↑/↓↓↓: highly different from HIV-negative individuals.
LTNP: long-term non-progressors, Tregs: regulatory T cells.
?: Indicates unknown.