Figure 1.

Solute concentration (C*) in a conduit during freezing presented in a stationary coordinate system (coordinate system immobilization transformation where the location of the origin of Eq. 16 is at vτ, and v fulfills x/τ = 1). At time τ = 0.2 the ice-water interface is at the location 0.2, and at time τ = 1 the whole conduit is frozen. The concentrations were calculated using Eq. 16. The Peclet number Pe = 1 (Eq. 12) and solute solubility in ice/solubility in water, C_S = 0.001.