1	Petiole in dorsal view rectangular (Figure 3), with both antero- and posterolateral denticles; abdominal tergite 4 with sparse erect pilosity, often only a single row of setae towards posterior end	Crematogaster rasoherinae
–	Petiole in dorsal view ovo-rectangular (Figure 4A), with only posterolateral denticles present; abdominal tergite 4 with abundant erect pilosity throughout	2
2(1)	Occipital carinae distinct and sharp (Figure 12); eyes larger (OI 0.22–0.28) and distinctly protruding (as in Figure 27A and 29A); propodeum with raised, sharp lateral carinae, confluent with propodeal spines (Figure 13)	3
–	Occipital carinae indistinct (Figure 14); eyes smaller (OI 0.18–0.22) and less protruding (as in Figure 31A and 33A); propodeum lacking raised, sharp lateral carinae (Figure 15)	5
3(2)	One pair of long, flexuous setae present on posterior end of lateral mesonotal carinae; clypeus with two distinct median vertical carinae (Figure 16); antennal scapes reaching, or well surpassing posterior margin of head (SI 0.78–1.01); subpostpetiolar process usually present	4
–	Long, flexuous setae absent from posterior end of lateral mesonotal carinae; clypeus lacking median vertical carinae (Figure 17); antennal scapes shorter, barely reaching head margin (SI 0.74–0.77); subpostpetiolar process absent	Crematogaster razana
4(3)	Antennal scapes well surpassing posterior margin of head (SI 0.85–1.01); propodeal spines medium-sized (SPI 0.17–0.26), usually thin and acute (Figure 18A), in lateral view directed upwards but straight	Crematogaster madecassa
–	Antennal scapes just reaching posterior margin of head (SI 0.78–0.87); propodeal spines shorter (SPI 0.10–0.19), usually in form of acute triangular points (Figure 18B), if more elongate and spiniform, then distinctly curved upwards (Figure 18C)	Crematogaster telolafy
5(2)	Propodeal spines shorter (SPI 0.06–0.09); propodeum often with longer erect pilosity; rare, Madagascar: Nosy Bé, R.S. Manongarivo, Ile St. Marie	Crematogaster mpanjono
–	Propodeal spines often longer (SPI 0.06–0.12); propodeum lacking longer erect pilosity; more common, eastern rainforests of Madagascar	Crematogaster volamena

Note: Crematogaster volamena and Crematogaster mpanjono can only be reliably identified based on queen characters and genetic data.