Table 1.

Literature review of naturally occurring MTBC in NHP

Year	Location	Context	N	NHP Genus	ID mechanism	ID
>1901–1923k	USA	Zoo	3	Simiadae	necropsy	MTBC
>1901–1923k	USA	Zoo	171	Cercopithecidae	necropsy	MTBC
>1901–1923k	USA	Zoo	18	Cebidae	necropsy	MTBC
>1901–1923k	USA	Zoo		Lemuridae	necropsy	MTBC
1928–1932i	England	Lab	50	Macaca	Histopathology, necropsy	Mycobacterium
1931–1939l	France	Zoo	1	Gorilla	necropsy	MTBC
1931–1939l	France	Zoo	8	Pan	necropsy	MTBC
1931–1939l	France	Zoo	2	Hylobates	necropsy	MTBC
1931–1939l	France	Zoo	2	Cercocebus	necropsy	MTBC
1931–1939l	France	Zoo	10	Cercopithecus	necropsy	MTBC
1931–1939l	France	Zoo	130	Macaca	necropsy	MTBC
1931–1939l	France	Zoo	175	Papio	necropsy	MTBC
1931–1939l	France	Zoo	1	Radiata	necropsy	MTBC
1938a	USA	Lab	79	Macaca, Papio, Cercocebus	TST, necropsy	Mycobacterium
1940	France	Zoo	2	Papio	Necropsy	MTBC
1940	France	Zoo	1	Cercocebus	Necropsy	MTBC
1942–1944g	USA	Lab	290	Macaca	Necropsy	MTBC
1955l	USA	Lab	6	Pan	necropsy	MTBC
1955l	USA	Lab	69	Macaca	necropsy	MTBC
1957l	USA	Lab	101	Macaca	Necropsy	MTBC
1968h	USA	Lab	1	Macaca	TST, necropsy	Mycobacterium
1968h	USA	Lab	1	Macaca	Necropsy	Mycobacterium
1974m	USA	Lab	5	Macaca	Necropsy, histopathology	MTBC
1972–1978n	USA	Captive	7	Macaca	Necropsy, histopathology, TST	MTBC
1978n	USA	Lab	43	Macaca	Necropsy, AFB, culture	M. bovis (verified only in 3)
1978n	USA	Captive	1	Macaca	TST, necropsy, culture	M. tuberculosis
1979o	USA	Zoo	1	Presbytis	Necropsy, AFB, culture	MTBC
1979o	USA	Zoo	14	Presbytis	TST following above case	Mycobacterium
1981f	USA	Lab	1	Ateles	Histopathology, culture	MTBC
1981f	USA	Lab	1	Macaca	Culture	MTBC
1985c	Kenya	Free-range	2+?	Papio	Amino acid uptake	MTBC
1990–1993b	Mauritius	Captive	76	Macaca	TST, necropsy	Mycobacterium
1990–1993b	Philippines	Captive	2	Macaca	TST, necropsy	Mycobacterium
1990–1993b	Indonesia	Captive	3	Macaca	TST, necropsy	Mycobacterium
1992v	South Africa	Zoo	3	Pan	Culture, PCR RFLP	M. tuberculosis
1993v	South Africa	Zoo	1	Papio	Radiography, culture, PCR RFLP	M. tuberculosis
1996p	South Africa	Free-range	1	Papio	PGRS RFLP	M. bovis
1999v	South Africa	Zoo	1	Semnopithecus	PCR RFLP	M. tuberculosis
2000v	South Africa	Zoo	1	Pan	PCR RFLP	M. tuberculosis
2001j	Japan	Captive	1	Pan	Histopathology, necropsy, PCR
2001e	USA	Lab	27	Macaca	Spoligotyping	M. bovis
2002s	Colombia	Zoo	2	Cebus	AFB, PCR, blots, RFLP	MTBC
2002s	Colombia	Zoo	1	Saimiri	AFB, PCR, blots, RFLP	MTBC
2003j	Japan	Zoo	3	Varecia	AFB	M. tuberculosis Beijing?
2004j	Japan	Zoo	17	Macaca	Not reported	Not reported
2004j	Japan	Zoo	4	Colobus	AFB	M. tuberculosis Beijing?
2004j	Japan	Zoo	8	Cebus	AFB	M. tuberculosis Beijing
2006t	Portugal	Zoo	2	Mandrillus	PCR RFLP, spoligotyping	M. africanum II
2006u	USA	Lab	2	Papio	TST, radiography, histopathology, culture	MTBC
2007p	Brazil	Zoo	1	Ateles	Necropsy, AFB, RFLP, spoligotyping	M. tuberculosis
2008	USA	Captive	32	Macaca	TST, necropsy, histopathology, PCR, culture	M. bovis
2009d	USA	Lab	1	Macaca	PCR	MTBC
2009r	India	Zoo	62	Macaca	Not reported	Mycobacterium

TST= Tuberculin skin test; AFB= Acid fast bacilli; PCR=Polymerase chain reaction; RFLP=Restriction fragment link polymorphism

Sources

^a(Kennard et al., 1939);

^b(CDC, 1933);

^c(Tarara et al., 1985);

^d(Stockinger DE et al., 2011);

^e(Garcia et al., 2004);

^f(West et al., 1981);

^g(Habel, 1947);

^h(Martin, 1968);

ⁱ(Fairbrother, 1932);

^j(Une Y and Mori, 2007);

^k(Fox, 1923);

^l(van Bogaert and Innes, 1962);

^m(Machotka et al., 1975);

ⁿ(Zumpe et al., 1980);

^o(Panarella and Bimes, 2010);

^p(Rocha et al., 2011);

^q(Michel et al., 2009);

^r(Singh et al., 2009);

^s(Alfonso et al., 2004);

^t(Amado et al., 2006);

^u(Martino M et al., 2007);

^v(Michel et al., 2003)